Monoterpinenes as terrigenous markers in Okinawa Trough sediments

Monoterpinenes were isolated from Okinawa Trough sediments at the 1000-m water depth by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-data system (GC-MS-DS). Identification has revealed cyclohexene, 1-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl), cyclohexene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl), and cyclohexane, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene). These monoterpinenes are believed to have been derived from terrigenous higher plant detritus, which may serve as new terrigenous markers.     

THE EVOLUTION OF STENOLS AND STANOLS IN MARINE SEDIMENT CORE FROM BEIBU BAY, THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Ten stenols and stanols were identified by TLC , GC and GC-MS-DS in a marine sediment core from Beibu Bay , the South China Sea .C27, C28 and C29 A5 stenols and 5a- stanols mainly come from zoopiankton, algae and phytoplankton in marine environment. C29 24-ethylcholest- 5 - en- 3B- ol is thought to indicate input of terrigenous organic matter . The increase of C27 . C28 and C29 5a-stanol /5 stenol ratios with sediment depth shows the evolution of stenols and stanols in the marine sediment core .     

Gas chromatographic determination of lignin in sediment

After the oxidation of river and marine sediments with CuO under alkaline conditions, the phenolic compounds in the oxidation products are determined gas chromatographically and compared to that of lignin oxidation products. The method of CuO oxidation is compared to that of nitrobenzen. The quantitative determination of produced phenolic compounds by capillary gas chromatography is examined and the blank and repetibility of the method are tested.     

泥炭沼泽的演化及其机制

泥炭沼泽的演化普遍存在,演化的实质是在成因因素有利的配合下,沼泽植物群落发生了变化乃至更替。根据泥炭植物残体分析和煤层的煤岩、煤化学研究,可以了解泥炭沼泽的演化和形成煤层的原始泥炭沼泽的演化。      

SIMULATED THERMAL ALTERATION OF STEROLS AND KETO-ALCOHOLS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS OF THE OKINAWA TROUGH

Compositional data on the sterol and alcohol fractions isolated from deep-sea marine sediments from the Okinawa Trough were obtained to determine the relative contribution from. marine and terrestrial inputs. Following extraction, the sterol plus alcohol fraction was isolated by layer chromatography, derivatized with BSTFA and then analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. A suite of C26-C29 stenols and stanols and C30-C32 keto - alcohols were identified in the sediments. The thermal stability of the compounds in these sediments was studied by heating portions of the surface sediment in glass tubes fpr 16 hours at temperatures from 50℃ to 200℃.The C27 stanol/stenol ratio increased when temperatures went up to 175℃ , but the distribution of C30-C32 Keto - alcohols remained unaffected. At 200℃ most of the sterols and Keto - alcohols were destroyed.     

皖南南华系上溪群羊栈岭组中段细碎屑岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

皖南地区前寒武纪地层广泛出露,包括上溪群和溪口群,其中上溪群羊栈岭组中段岩性以泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩等细碎屑岩为主,并含有多套砾岩层。通过对绩溪县杨溪镇和东至县葛公镇剖面羊栈岭组中段细碎屑岩的地球化学分析,发现羊栈岭组中段样品具有相对较高的Al₂O₃/TiO₂比值（21.57）、较高的LREE/HREE比值（6.98）和明显的负Eu异常（0.71）,在TiO₂和Al₂O₃二元图解、Zr和TiO₂二元图解及La/Th-Hf二元图解中,大多数样品落入长英质物源区中。表明它们的物源以长英质岩石为主。此外,反映源区风化程度的参数CIA、CIW和PIA值均较低,平均值分别为71.6、75.4和71.2,分别低于PAAS的76.4、82.7和79.0,表明源区的风化程度较低。将样品的地球化学特征和皖南新元古代岩体和火山岩进行比较,发现它们具有亲缘性,结合其它岩石学和地层学证据认为这些岩体和火山岩为沉积物提供了重要的物源。在主量元素判别图中,样品主要落入活动大陆边缘区并受大陆岛弧的影响,在微量元素构造背景判别图中,样品均落入大陆岛弧区。此外,样品的各种REE元素特征值属于大陆岛弧来源的沉积物的范围,同时又与活动大陆边缘沉积物相近,指示羊栈岭组中段可能代表了一套活动大陆边缘的弧后盆地沉积。而羊栈岭组中段作为一次完整的海侵-海退序列中的一部分可以代表整个上溪群形成的构造背景。     

中国泥炭资源

泥炭的形成和发展,直接受地表水热条件控制,后者又取决于形成时期的气候、地质。地貌及水文地质条件。文中据大量调查资料,叙述中国6个区的泥炭分布,扼要分析若干类型泥炭分布特征。在受河流活动控制并有泥炭形成的地区,泥炭沼泽分布呈现干流区少、支流区多,下游区少、上游区多的特点;在巨型构造湖盆区,泥炭沼泽可充分发展,形成泥炭层厚、空间展布广的巨型矿床;火山口湖盆型、堰塞湖盆型泥炭沼泽环境稳定,历经长期发育,可形成厚达9．0～9．5m的矿床;平原区湖盆型、河漫滩型泥炭,形成时受洪水事件影响,产出多层、较薄的泥炭。80年代本原地质矿产部通过对中国30个地质矿产局调查报告（未含台湾省）系统分析研究,获全国泥炭资源量46．87亿t（千重）。文中据国际泥炭学会（IPS）规定,按含水40％容重核算,1998年获资源量124．96亿t,证实中国泥炭资源分布的不平衡性,质量属中等,与泥炭资源丰富的国家相比,中国泥炭资源是较丰富的。     

Lipids in sediments from Beibu Gulf South China Sea and their geochemical significance

Examination of solvent-extractable lipids in sediments from Beibu Gulf, South China Sea by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) resulted in the first identifications of β, γ-carotanes and their C₁₉ to C₃₁ homologs in the modern sediments from the China Seas. Distributional features of these (mainly triterpenoid and steroid hydrocarbons) biomarkers are discussed and the possibility of using these compounds as indicators of source of materials, diagenesis and depositional conditions is explored. It was found that the biomarkers in this region are mixtures of allochthonous (terrigenous and/or crude oil leak or pollution) and antochthonous (marine) organic components. The biomarders have proved to be of value for understanding sedimentation. Contribution No. 1888 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. This research is partially funded by the Organic Geochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Geochemistry. Academia Sinica.     

Simulated thermal alteration of sterols and keto—Alcohols in marine sediments of the Okinawa Trough

Compositional data on the sterol and alcohol fractions isolated from deep-sea marine sediments from the Okinawa Trough were obtained to determine the relative contribution from marine and terrestrial inputs. Following extraction, the sterol plus alcohol fraction was isolated by layer chromatography, derivatized with BSTFA and then analysed by capillary GC and GC—MS. A suite of C₂₆−C₂₉ stenols and stanols and C₃₀−C₃₂ keto—alcohols were identified in the sediments. The thermal stability of the compounds in these sediments was studied by heating portions of the surface sediment in glass tubes for 16 hours at temperatures from 50°C to 200°C. The C₂₇ stanol/stenol ratio increased when temperatures went up to 175°C, but the distribution of C₃₀−C₃₂ Keto—alcohols remained unaffected. At 200°C most of the sterols and Keto—alcohols were destroyed. Supported by the National Natural Foundation of China.     

高温燃气推进下水下航行器出筒发射数值模拟研究

水下航行器出筒过程往往伴随着高温高速的水气多相混合流动,物理过程复杂多变,对航行器的发射动力、载荷以及出筒后的运动姿态等有着重要影响。以某水下航行器出筒发射为例,采用 CFD 方法开展高温燃气推进下水下航行器出筒发射数值模拟研究,通过不同网格密度下的水平方向位移和竖直方向位移比较,论证了数值模拟的收敛性。进一步利用所建立的数值模型模拟了不同初始发射倾角、不同横向来流作用下高温燃气推进下水下航行器出筒过程,得到了航行器出筒后的偏转角度和速度,明确了发射过程中的速度场与温度场的典型特征等,为水下热发射系统的设计提供指导。