Purification and characterization of novel antioxidant peptides of different molecular weights from mackerel Pneumatophorus japonicus protein hydrolysate

Mackerel(Pneumatophorus japonicus) proteins were hydrolyzed by five proteases:trypsin,papain,neutrase,acid protease,and flavourzyme.The hydrolysate treated by neutrase exhibited the highest antioxidant activity.Response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions in an effort to obtain a mackerel protein hydrolysate(MPH) with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.The MPH was fractioned using a series of ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions,namely,MPH-Ⅰ(10kDa),MPH-Ⅱ(10-2.5 kDa),MPH-Ⅲ(1-2.5 kDa),MPH-Ⅳ(0.4-1 kDa),and MPH-V(below 0.4 kDa),were obtained.DPPH radical scavenging activity,reducing power,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,and the lipid peroxidation inhibition capability of these fractions were evaluated.The fractions in molecular weights 2.5 kDa(MPH-Ⅲ,MPH-Ⅳ,and MPH-Ⅴ),which occupied 93.4%of the total fractions,showed the strongest antioxidant activity;and the antioxidant activities of the three fractions are similar to each other.Using SP Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-25 columns,eight fractions were obtained from the MPH(2.5 kDa).The isolated peptide I(1 664 kDa) displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.Therefore,MPH is a potential source of antioxidant peptides.     

Properties and organic activation of ocean clay in the East Pacific

In order to make use of ocean clay reasonably and excavate its potential applications the properties of ocean clay in Chinese investigating area of the East Pacific have been tested with the chemical analysis, XRFS, ICP/MAS, granulometry and SSA, etc. The results show that the clay sediments of this area are rich in clay minerals, fine granularity, bigger SSA, bigger water absorbability and lower ion changing ability etc. To improve the adaptability of ocean clay and macromolecule materials, using the dry milling method with silane, aluminate, stearic acid coupling agents etc the properties of ocean clay are improved. The effect has been evaluated by testing the water absorbing of the modified ocean clay and their dispersing in paraffin liquid. The result is that KH550 is better than any other active reagents, and the best activation technics is that 1.5% (volume) of KH550 quantity, 20min of milling time. The DTA, XRD, SEM and IR analyses and SSA testing show that the organic activation can not change the mineral structure but can densify the structure of clay, and activation mechanism is chemical covered mainly and chemical combined secondly.     

Permian Tectonic Evolution in Southwestern Khanka Massif: Evidence from Zircon U‐Pb Chronology,Hf isotope and Geochemistry of Gabbro and Diorite

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical data for the Permian gabbros and diorites in the Hunchun area are presented to constrain the regional tectonic evolution in the study area. Zircons from gabbro and diorite are euhedral-subhedral in shape and display fine-scale oscillatory zoning as well as high Th/U ratios (0.26–1.22), implying their magmatic origin. The dating results indicate that the gabbro and diorite formed in the Early Permian (282±2 Ma) and in the Late Permian (255±3 Ma), respectively. In addition, the captured zircons with the weighted mean age of 279±4 Ma are also found in the diorite, consistent with the formation age of the gabbro within uncertainty. The gabbros belong chemically to low-K tholeiitic series, and are characterized by low rare earth element (REE) abundances, flat REE pattern, weak positive Eu anomalies (δEu), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti), similar to the high-aluminum basalts from island arc setting. Initial Hf isotopic ratios of zircons from the gabbro range from +7.63 to +14.6, suggesting that its primary magma could be mainly derived from partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle. The diorites belong to middle K calc-alkaline series. Compared with the gabbros, the diorites have higher REE abundance, weak negative Eu anomalies, and more depletion in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, and Ti), similar chemically to the volcanic rocks from an active continental margin setting. Initial Hf isotopic ratios and Hf two-stage model ages of zircons from the diorite range from +11.22 to +14.17 and from 424 to 692 Ma, respectively, suggesting that its primary magma could be mainly derived from partial melting of the Early Paleozoic and/or Neoproterozoic accretted lower crust. Taken together, it is suggested that geochemical variations from the Early Permian gabbros to the Late Permian diorites reveal that the subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate beneath the Khanka Massif and collision between the arc and continent (Khanka Massif) happened in the late stage of the Late Paleozoic.     

Investigation into the hemolytic activity of tentacle venom from jellyfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyanea nozakii</Emphasis> Kishinouye

Cyanea nozakii Kishinouy e (C. nozakii), a giant cnidarian of the class Scyphomedusae, order Semaeostomeae and family Cyaneidae, is widely distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and is abundant from late summer to early autumn. Venom produced by C. nozakii during mass agglomerations can contaminate seawater resulting in death of the halobios and seriously damage commercial fisheries. Swimmers and fishermen commonly suff er painful stings from this jellyfish, resulting in local edema, tingling, breathing difficulties, depressed blood pressure and even death. Such effects arise from the complex mixture of biologically active molecules that make up jellyfish venom. In the present study, the hemolytic activity of venom from tentacles of C. nozakii and factors aff ecting its activity were assayed. The HU₅₀ ( defined as the amount of protein required to lyse 50 % of erythrocytes) of the venom against dove and chicken erythrocytes was 34 and 59 μg/mL, respectively. Carboxylmethyl chitosan and glycerol could increase hemolytic activity at concentrations greater than 0.06% and 0.2 mol/L, respectively.     

东地中海原型盆地演化

东地中海经历了伸展-聚敛的构造演化旋回,聚集了丰富的油气资源。基于2D地震、ODP Leg160、IHS及Tellus商业数据库和公开发表的文献资料,本文在建立东地中海及周缘构造-地层格架的基础上,恢复了东地中海12个关键地质历史时期的原型盆地,并以板块构造为切入点探讨了盆地演化机制。东地中海及周缘上三叠统以来地层可划分为新特提斯被动大陆边缘陆地及浅水区、新特提斯被动大陆边缘深水区和塞浦路斯弧前褶皱区3个地层分区,前两个地层分区均发育一套裂谷-被动大陆边缘层系,但是二者的岩相特征和不整合发育有明显的差异,而塞浦路斯弧前褶皱区发育一套大洋盆地-弧前盆地层系。研究认为东地中海经历了二叠纪—早侏罗世裂解期、中侏罗世巴柔期—晚白垩世土伦期漂移期和晚白垩世森诺期以来的汇聚改造期3个原型阶段,其中汇聚改造期又可细分为晚白垩世森诺期“双俯冲带”消减期、古近纪北部俯冲-碰撞期、中新世塞浦路斯岛弧带南侧俯冲-碰撞与黎凡特边缘活化期和中新世梅西期以来“弧-山碰撞”与“走滑逃逸”期4个阶段。东地中海盆地演化受控于图哈罗德-安纳托利亚板块以及凯里尼亚、特罗多斯和埃拉托色尼等微板块与冈瓦纳大陆北缘的分离、向北的漂移和与欧亚大陆汇聚拼贴的板块构造活动。     

白令海深海异常沉积特征及成因分析

利用中国历次北极科学考察航次在白令海北部陆坡及海盆等深水区所采集的沉积物样品,对其开展沉积学等研究,系统归纳该海域常见的异常沉积类型及特征,并初步探讨其可能成因。BR02孔出现至少3段浊积层,浊积层主要分布于末次冰消期至中全新世。B5-4孔存在至少2段火山碎屑沉积层,其沉积年代分别约为1.3 ka BP和13.2 ka BP。B5-7站表层沉积物中的硅藻组合以新近系硅藻化石Kisseleviella carina Sheshukova-Poretzkaya和Kisseleviella ezoensis Akib为主,且与附近海域其他表层沉积物的硅藻组合面貌差异明显,可能是沉积物再沉积结果,其初始沉积年代大约为早中新世。白令海北部陆缘/陆坡区附近遍布的海底大峡谷对该区沉积物沉积过程具有重要影响,可能是导致该区浊流沉积与再沉积物的主要原因。此外,白令海位于欧亚板块、太平洋板块及北美板块交汇区边缘,其独特的地理位置决定该区地震与火山等构造活动相对活跃,进而进一步促使该区海底异常沉积现象频发。     

渤海湾盆地大歧口凹陷新生代构造演化与盆地原型

大歧口凹陷位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中北部,是中新生代叠合盆地中新生界沉积最厚的凹陷。本文基于大量二维、三维地震剖面和钻井资料,从凹陷主控断裂活动性、沉积沉降中心分布和构造格架等方面,侧重对大歧口凹陷新生代构造演化过程和原型盆地类型进行研究。认为:1)大歧口凹陷构造单元有4级,凹陷具有"东西分带、南北分块"的平面构造格局和北断南超箕状断陷的剖面结构。2)凹陷内断裂有4级,主要断裂的规模、活动期次和断裂活动具有演化的阶段性和空间的迁移性,典型构造带活动性具有由北往南迁移的特点。3)新生代期间整个大歧口凹陷的沉积沉降中心均在东部海域的歧口主凹内,但整体具有往南迁移的趋势。4)凹陷经历了拓展裂谷、拉分断陷、箕状断陷和碟状坳陷4个构造演化阶段,断陷阶段在整个构造演化时期意义重大,且具有走滑拉分特点。故认为大歧口凹陷原型盆地是一种"板内拉分盆地"。     

Modification of HDPE filling with pelagic clay

In order to improve the properties of HDPE, the authors used the method of suspended diffusion for purification the pelagic clay, used silane coupling agent to increase its organic activation, and prepared the composites of organic pelagic clay/HDPE by melting them in different conditions. The affections of process conditions and quantity of pelagic clay to the properties of composites were analyzed by testing their mechanical properties, thermo stability and barrier properties. According to test the structure of composites, it is indicated that pelagic clay has good compatibility with HDPE. The result shows that the pelagic clay can improve mechanical properties, thermo stability and barrier properties of HDPE properties effectively.     

吉林中部小蜂蜜顶子组火山岩的形成时代及其地质意义:锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成证据

本文对出露于吉林省中部地区的小蜂蜜顶子组标准剖面的流纹岩（样品号：JH21-1）和非标准剖面小蜂蜜顶子组的安山岩（样品号：JX1-1）进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学以及Hf同位素组成研究。2个样品中的锆石均呈自形-半自形,CL图像上显示条痕状吸收或典型的岩浆振荡生长环带,结合其Th/U比值（0.27~0.81）,均暗示了它们的岩浆成因。定年结果表明：流纹岩（JH21-1）中锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（192±2）Ma （MSWD=4.8）,其形成于早侏罗世;安山岩（JX1-1）中锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（172±1）Ma （MSWD=0.27）,表明其形成于中侏罗世。前者与标准剖面时代一致,后者与小蜂蜜顶子组并非同一套火山岩。而2个样品中锆石的Hf同位素组成较为均一,ε_Hf（t）值为+5.25~+9.37,二阶省模式年龄为803~1 177 Ma,暗示它们起源于中-新元古代新增生陆壳物质的部分熔融。综上所述,吉林中部地区侏罗纪岩浆事件至少可以划分为两期--早侏罗世和中侏罗世,结合区域构造演化历史,可以认为吉林省中部地区早-中侏罗世火山岩的形成应与古太平洋板块俯冲于欧亚大陆之下的地质作用相联系。     

Provenance of Clay Minerals in the Amami Sankaku Basin and Their Paleoclimate Implications Since Late Pleistocene

We analyzed the clay mineral assemblages, content and mineralogical characteristics of Hole U1438A sediment recovered from Amami Sankaku Basin during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 351. The results show that the clay minerals are mainly composed of illite (average 57%), smectite (average 26%), chlorite (average 14%) and minor kaolinite(average 3%). The crystallinity of illite in all samples are good (<0.4 Δ° 2θ), and the chemical indexes of illite in all samples are low (<0.4). Both indicate that illite in Hole U1438A formed in cold and dry climate. By comparing clay mineral assemblages of hole U1438A and the potential sediment sources, we suggest that smectite be mainly derived from the volcanic materials around Amami Sankaku Basin. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are mainly derived from the Asian dust. The ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite show a phased increase over the last 350 ka, which is consistent with the cold and drying trend of the Asian continent since late Pleistocene. The high ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite and (illite+chlorite)/kaolinite during glacial period indicate that much more Asian dust was input into the Amami Sankaku Basin, which are responded to the aridity of Asian continent and strengthened east Asian Monsoon during glacial period.