呼伦贝尔草原物候变化及其与气象因子的关系

草原物候是草原生态系统气候变化的敏感指示器,探索物候变化与气候变化的关系,对草原生态系统保护及全球气候变化研究具有重要意义。以呼伦贝尔草原为研究对象,基于2000—2015年MOD09Q1数据和气象数据,利用D-L拟合法对NDVI时间序列进行重构,采用动态阈值法提取草原物候期,利用相关分析法,分析了物候与气象因子之间的关系。研究表明:(1)返青期发生时间介于4月下旬～6月上旬(平均为第138 d),枯黄期发生时间介于9月～10月下旬(平均为第277 d),生长季长度主要在3. 5～6个月之间(平均为136 d)。空间上,西部和北部返青期较早,枯黄期较晚,生长季长度最长;中东部返青期较晚,枯黄期较早,生长季长度较短。(2)年际变化趋势上,返青期和枯黄期均以提前趋势为主,提前趋势的像元比例分别为61. 2%和63. 83%,生长季长度以延长趋势为主,延长趋势的像元占比为54. 95%。(3)冬季降水增加是返青期提前的主要原因,而春季降水增多和秋季温度升高是枯黄期提前的主要原因。研究结果有助于加深物候对气候变化响应的认识,以期更好地为草原物候研究和放牧优化管理提供参考。     

北疆农区土壤盐渍化遥感监测及其时空特征分析

基于MODIS数据,利用归一化植被指数和盐分指数的二维特征空间关系建立土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型,对北疆农区2000年以来的土壤盐渍化状况及其空间动态变化进行了监测分析,并探讨了典型区土壤盐渍化的主要驱动因素。结果表明：① 土壤盐渍化遥感监测指数可以从宏观上定量刻画北疆农区的土壤含盐量;② 北疆农区土壤盐渍化空间特征呈现出总体上逆转、局部严重发展的态势;③ 土壤盐渍化等级在不同时间段的发展或逆转的方向主要由中度向重度及重度向盐土间的相互转化,其中重度盐渍化农用地的转化幅度最大;④ 不同土壤盐渍化等级中盐土的形成与农区降水量和干燥程度具有较好的相关性,未盐渍化（正常）和中度盐渍化与农区有效灌溉面积和农作物播种面积分别呈相关系数较高的正相关和负相关。     

Distribution and pollution assessment of trace metals in seawater and sediment in Laizhou Bay

Selected trace metals(Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg) and arsenic in seawater and surface sediments of Laizhou Bay were determined, to evaluate their spatial distribution, pollution risk and potential ecological risk. Concentrations of the elements were 0.56–2.07, 0.14–0.38, 12.70–18.40, 0.014–0.094, and 1.13–2.37 μg/L in the seawater and 8.94–32.2, 0.18–0.67, 4.51–30.5, 0.006–0.058, and 5.75–15.3 mg/kg in sediments for Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As, respectively. High concentrations of the trace metals and arsenic in seawater and surface sediments were generally observed near the river estuary. The pollution risk result of the elements showed that Cu was the prominent trace metal pollutant in seawater, followed by Hg, Pb, Cd and As. The metal complex pollution index in seawater was at a medium level. The most important trace metal pollutant in sediments was Cd, followed by As, Cu, Pb, and Hg. Our pollution assessment suggests that trace metal pollution in Laizhou Bay sediments was at a low level. The potential ecological risk was also low in surface sediment.