Optical properties of fine amorphous carbon grains in the infrared region

In this paper wer present infrared complex permittivity and optical constantsn andk of the fine amorphous carbon grains. The complex permittivity was estimated by a combination of the measured absorption efficiencies, dispersion formulae, and Kramers-Kronig relation. The optical properties derived allow to obtain satisfactory agreement between computed and measured extinction.     

Photometric and spectrophotometric observations of Nova Delphini 1967

Photographic, photovisual and photoelectric (V) observations of Nova Delphini 1967 were made from August 8 to October 31 (Table I, Figure 1). Simultaneously spectrophotometric measurements of the continuum were made on objective prism exposures extending to November 26, and spectrophotometric gradients derived (Tables II and III; Figures 3, 4, and 5). The continuum of Nova near its flat maximum is close to that of an early-type star in contrast to late-type absorptionline spectrum.     

On the mixing rules for astrophysical inhomogeneous grains

We present the computation of effective refractive coefficients for inhomogeneous two-component grains with three kinds of inclusions with   m _incl= 3.0 + 4.0i, 2.0 + 1.0i, 2.5 + 0.0001i  and a matrix with   m_m = 1.33 + 0.01i  for 11 volume fractions of inclusions from 0 to 50 per cent and wavelengths  λ= 0.5  , 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 μm. The coefficients of extinction for these grains have been computed using a discrete dipole approximation. Computation of the extinction by the same method for grains composed of a matrix material with randomly embedded inclusions has been carried out for different volume fractions of inclusions. A comparison of extinction coefficients obtained for both models of grain material allows one to choose the best mixing rule for a mixture. In cases of inclusions with   m _incl= 2.0 + 1.0i  and 2.5 + 0.0001i the best fit for the whole wavelength range and volume fractions of inclusions from 0 to 50 per cent has been obtained for the Lichtenecker mixing rule. In the case of   m _incl= 3.0 + 4.0i  the fit for the whole wavelength range and volume fractions of inclusions from 0 to 50 per cent is not very significant but the best fit has been obtained for the Hanai rule. For volume fractions of inclusions from 0 to 15 per cent a very good fit has been obtained for the whole wavelength range for Rayleigh and Maxwell-Garnett mixing rules.     

From Small-Scale Dynamo to Isotropic MHD Turbulence

We consider the problem of incompressible, forced, nonhelical, homogeneous, isotropic MHD turbulence with no mean magnetic field. This problem is essentially different from the case with externally imposed uniform mean field. There is no scale-by-scale equipartition between magnetic and kinetic energies as would be the case for the Alfvén-wave turbulence. The isotropic MHD turbulence is the end state of the turbulent dynamo which generates folded fields with small-scale direction reversals. We propose that the statistics seen in numerical simulations of isotropic MHD turbulence could be explained as a superposition of these folded fields and Alfvén-like waves that propagate along the folds.     

Recursive anisotropy: a spatial taphonomic study of the Early Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage of Tsiotra Vryssi,Mygdonia Basin,Greece

By applying advanced spatial statistical methods, spatial taphonomy complements the traditional taphonomic approach and enhances our understanding of biostratinomic and diagenetic processes. In this study, we elaborate on a specific aspect – spatial anisotropy – of taphonomic processes. We aim to unravel the taphonomic history of the Early Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage of Tsiotra Vryssi (Mygdonia Basin, Greece). Circular statistics are used for the fabric analysis of elongated elements; geostatistics (directional variograms), wavelet and point pattern analyses are applied for detecting anisotropy at the assemblage level. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of sedimentary magnetic minerals is also investigated. The results, integrated with preliminary remarks about the differential preservation of skeletal elements, sedimentological and micromorphological observations, suggest multiple dispersion events and recurrent spatial re‐arrangement of a lag, (peri)autochthonous assemblage, consistent with the cyclical lateral switching of a braided fluvial system. Furthermore, this study offers a contribution to the building of a spatial taphonomic referential framework for the interpretation of other fossil vertebrate assemblages, including archaeo‐palaeontological ones.     

Properties of circumstellar grains in R coronae borealis

Extinction curves for core-mantle and multicored grains containing two allotropic carbons are compared with far-UV extinction observations of the variable star R CrB. A good agreement is reached by multicore grains; but it is found that only during deep minimum considered models of grain do not fit the observational UV extinction. It indicates the existence, in this phase, of another type of grains like those of Platt particles.     

Interpretation of carbon overabundances in the atmospheres of carbon stars

An attempt is made to estimate the rate of accretion of interstellar grains by red giants. It seems possible for a red giant traversing dust clouds to acquire, under realistic conditions, an amount of carbon sufficient to turn its spectrum into that of a carbon star. Coarse grains exceeding 10^–3 cm in diameter are most effective in this process.     

Carbon altotropic composition of interstellar grains

Extinktionskurven für Kern-Mantel-Teilchen und für Vielkernteilchen, die allotrope Kohlenstoffmodifikationen enthalten, werden mit Extinktionsbeobachtungen der Sterne R CrB und R Y Sgr im fernen UV sowie mit der interstellaren Extinktion verglichen. Wir zeigen, daß dieses Teilchenmodell mit der beobachteten Extinktion im fernen UV verträglich ist, finden jedoch, daß nur Teilchen, in denen amorpher Kohlenstoff von Graphit ist, die interstellare Extinktionskurve und die der R-CrB-Sterne gut wiedergeben.