排序方式: 共有30条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A reconstruction of the palaeohydrological conditions of a flood‐plain: a multi‐proxy study from the Grabia River valley mire,central Poland 下载免费PDF全文
Dominik Pawłowski Grzegorz Kowalewski Krystyna Milecka Mateusz Płóciennik Michał Woszczyk Tomasz Zieliński Daniel Okupny Wojciech Włodarski Jacek Forysiak 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2015,44(3):543-562
This study investigated the Grabia River valley mire in central Poland to reconstruct its palaeoenvironmental conditions from the Younger Dryas to the present. We analysed sedimentological, biological and geochemical data from the palaeo‐oxbow lake and valley mire to identify the principal hydrological trends, especially episodes of high water level. During the Lateglacial and Holocene, the Grabia River had a meandering channel, and its hydraulic parameters and the channel dimensions changed in response to climatic oscillations and vegetation development. We identified phases of high flood intensity and high groundwater level that correlate with regional and supraregional climatic events. The frequency and timing of palaeohydroclimatic oscillations show strong similarities to records from other sites in Poland and the rest of Europe. We show that various analytical methods, namely, pollen, plant macrofossils, Cladocera, Chironomidae, sedimentological, geochemical and radiocarbon data, can be effective tools for reconstructing past hydroclimatic changes in palaeo‐oxbow lakes and investigating the effects of past climate changes on river environments. The high sensitivity of the biota, especially Cladocera, to changes in water level permits the reconstruction of palaeoecological changes, especially flood episodes that occurred in the river valley. In particular, the increase in the proportion of sediment‐associated Cladocera and pelagic taxa was closely correlated with floods. Through comparisons with the palaeobiological data, geochemical data allowed the identification of humid phases within the fen associated with a rising groundwater table, direct fluvial activity (floods) and alluvial deposition. We also discuss the limitations of palaeohydrological reconstructions based on these proxies, especially on fossil aquatic invertebrates. 相似文献
2.
Krystyna Kurzyska 《Astronomische Nachrichten》1988,309(1):57-63
Auf der Basis von sich über einen Zeitraum von 10 Jahren erstreckenden aerologischen Messungen für den Raum Pozna$ (φ = 52° 24′, $LD = 1h 07m.5, h0 = 85 m) wurde eine statistische Analyse sowohl zeitlicher als auch lokaler Effekte der astronomischen Refraktion durchgeführt. Es wurden keine wahrnehmbaren Effekte zeitlicher Variationen in den höheren Atmosphärenschichten verzeichnet. Damit kann die momentane lokale Refraktion recht exakt durch die mittlere lokale Refraktion approximiert werden, die sich aus einem momentanen Brechungsindex n0 auf dem Grundniveau bestimmt. Es gibt jedoch eine systematische Differenz zwischen der Standardrefraktion, berechnet mittels n0, und der lokalen Refraktion. Dieser Unterschied erweist sich als recht deutlich, so da$sZ es sinnvoll ist, eine lokale Korrektur für die Standardrefraktion einzuführen. Für Poznan ist diese Korrekturgrö$sZe negativ und beläuft sich auf 0″.01 fürz0 = 60°, 0″.1 für z0 = 77°, 1″ für z0 = 85°, und 3″ für z0 = 87°. At z0 = 82°. Für Werte grö$sZer als z0 = 82° überschätzt die Korrektur die Varianz der stochastischen Refraktionsanomalien (Bildbewegung), die über einen Zeitraum von 60 s integriert wurde. Diese Arbeit gibt eine Antwort auf die schon lange diskutierte Frage, ob wir eine lokale reine Refraktion anwenden sollten und wenn ja, in welcher Weise. 相似文献
3.
4.
A diatom dataset and diatom-salinity inference model for southeast Australian estuaries and coastal lakes 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
To quantify the relationship between diatom species assemblages and the water chemistry of southeast Australian estuaries
and coastal lakes, a new dataset of 81 modern diatom samples and water chemistry data was created. Three hundred and ninety-nine
species from 53 genera were identified in 36 samples from 32 coastal water bodies in eastern Tasmania and 45 samples from
13 coastal water bodies in southern Victoria. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that the sampling sites were primarily
distributed along salinity and nutrient gradients, and that salinity, nitrate + nitrite, phosphate and turbidity explained
independent portions of variance in the diatom data. Species salinity optima and tolerances were determined and a diatom-salinity
inference model (WAinv r
2 = 0.72, r
2jack = 0.58, RMSEP = 0.09 log ppt) was developed. This new information on diatom species’ salinity preferences provides a
useful tool for quantitatively reconstructing salinity changes over time from diatom microfossils preserved in the sediments
of a range of estuaries and coastal lakes in southeast Australia. This is valuable for studies investigating long-term human
impacts and climate change in the region. 相似文献
5.
Krystyna W. Semkow Ronald A. Rizzo Larry A. Haskin David J. Lindstrom 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(10):1879-1889
Cyclic voltammetry has been done for Ni2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ in melts of diopside composition in the temperature range 1425 to 1575°C. Voltammetric curves for all three ions excellently match theoretical curves for uncomplicated, reversible charge transfer at the Pt electrode. This implies that the neutral metal atoms remain dissolved in the melt. The reference electrode is a form of oxygen electrode. Relative to that reference assigned a reduction potential of 0.00 volt, the values of standard reduction potential for the ions are , , and . The electrode reactions are rapid, with first order rate constants of the order of 10?2 cm/sec. Diffusion coefficients were found to be 2.6 × 10?6 cm2/sec for Ni2+, 3.4 × 10?6 cm2/sec for Co2+, and 3.8 × 10?6 cm2/sec for Zn2+ at 1500°C. The value of (, diopside) is a linear function of temperature over the range studied, with values of ?0.35 V at 1425°C and ?0.29 V at 1575°C. At constant temperature the value of ) was not observed to vary with composition over the range CaO · MgO · 2SiO2 to CaO·MgO·3SiO2 or from 1.67 CaO·0.33MgO·2SiO2 to 0.5 CaO·1.5MgO·2SiO2. The value for the diffusion coefficient for Ni2+ decreased by an order of magnitude at 1525°C over the compositional range CaO · MgO · 1.25SiO2 to CaO · MgO · 3SiO2. This is consistent with a mechanism by which Ni2+ ions diffuse by moving from one octahedral coordination site to another in the melt, with the same Ni2+ species discharging at the cathode regardless of the SiO2 concentration in the melt. 相似文献
6.
Arctic glaciers are rapidly responding to global warming by releasing organic carbon (OC) to downstream ecosystems. The glacier surface is arguably the most biologically active and biodiverse glacial habitat and therefore the site of important OC transformation and storage, although rates and magnitudes are poorly constrained. In this paper, we present measurements of OC fluxes associated with atmospheric deposition, ice melt, biological growth, fluvial transport and storage (in superimposed ice and cryoconite debris) for a supraglacial catchment on Foxfonna glacier, Svalbard (Norway), across two consecutive years. We found that in general atmospheric OC input (averaging 0.63 ± 0.25 Mg a-1 total organic carbon, i.e. TOC, and 0.40 ± 0.22 Mg a-1 dissolved organic carbon, i.e. DOC) exceeded fluvial OC export (0.46 ± 0.04 Mg a-1 TOC and 0.36 ± 0.03 Mg a-1 DOC). Early in the summer, OC was mobilised in snowmelt but its release was delayed by temporary storage in superimposed ice on the glacier surface. This delayed the export of 28.5% of the TOC in runoff. Biological production in cryoconite deposits was a negligible potential source of OC to runoff, while englacial ice melt was far more important on account of the glacier's negative ice mass balance (–0.89 and –0.42 m a-1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). However, construction of a detailed OC budget using these fluxes shows an excess of inputs over outputs, resulting in a net retention of OC on the glacier surface at a rate that would require c. 3 years to account for the OC stored as cryoconite debris. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
8.
The feasibility of gaining valuable geomechanical information derived from seismological data and its specialist interpretation for utilisation in the area of assessing hazards due to mining tremors and rockbursts has become a development of signal importance in mining seismology. Undoubtedly of particular interest is a certain knowledge of the directions of the principal stresses 1, 2, 3 of the regional stress tensor. For their determination, use is made of a set of parameters from the mining tremors' regional focal mechanism solutions (angular parameters of nodal planes and axes of principal stresses in the tremor focus —P andT). Results of research conducted at the Szombierki and Wujek mines and analysis of calculated results for parameters of regional stress tensor show that there exist appreciable differences between values of these parameters and also a clear correlation with local extraction conditions that is of significance from the point of view of seismic hazard. 相似文献
9.
10.
Stefan Lauterbach Achim Brauer Nils Andersen Dan L. Danielopol Peter Dulski Matthias Hüls Krystyna Milecka Tadeusz Namiotko Milena Obremska Ulrich Von Grafenstein Declakes Participants 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(3):253-267
Investigation of the sedimentary record of pre‐Alpine Lake Mondsee (Upper Austria) focused on the environmental reaction to rapid Lateglacial climatic changes. Results of this study reveal complex proxy responses that are variable in time and influenced by the long‐term evolution of the lake and its catchment. A new field sampling approach facilitated continuous and precisely controlled parallel sampling at decadal to sub‐annual resolution for µ‐XRF element scanning, carbon geochemistry, stable isotope measurements on ostracods, pollen analyses and large‐scale thin sections for microfacies analysis. The Holocene chronology is established through microscopic varve counting and supported by accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils, whereas the Lateglacial age model is based on δ18O wiggle matching with the Greenland NGRIP record, using the GICC05 chronology. Microfacies analysis enables the detection of subtle sedimentological changes, proving that depositional processes even in rather large lake systems are highly sensitive to climate forcing. Comparing periods of major warming at the onset of the Lateglacial and Holocene and of major cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas reveals differences in proxy responses, reflecting threshold effects and ecosystem inertia. Temperature increase, vegetation recovery, decrease of detrital flux and intensification of biochemical calcite precipitation at the onset of the Holocene took place with only decadal leads and lags over a ca. 100 a period, whereas the spread of woodlands and the reduction of detrital flux lagged the warming at the onset of the Lateglacial Interstadial by ca. 500–750 a. Cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas is reflected by the simultaneous reaction of δ18O and vegetation, but sedimentological changes (reduction of endogenic calcite content, increase in detrital flux) were delayed by about 150–300 a. Three short‐term Lateglacial cold intervals, corresponding to Greenland isotope substages GI‐1d, GI‐1c2 and GI‐1b, also show complex proxy responses that vary in time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献