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排序方式: 共有518条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Thermal and exhumation history of the central Rwenzori Mountains, Western Rift of the East African Rift System, Uganda 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
F. U. Bauer U. A. Glasmacher U. Ring A. Schumann B. Nagudi 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(7):1575-1597
The Rwenzori Mountains (Mtns) in west Uganda are the highest rift mountains on Earth and rise to more than 5,000 m. We apply
low-temperature thermochronology (apatite fission-track (AFT) and apatite (U–Th–Sm)/He (AHe) analysis) for tracking the cooling
history of the Rwenzori Mtns. Samples from the central and northern Rwenzoris reveal AFT ages between 195.0 (±8.4) Ma and
85.3 (±5.3) Ma, and AHe ages between 210.0 (±6.0) Ma to 24.9 (±0.5) Ma. Modelled time–temperature paths reflect a protracted
cooling history with accelerated cooling in Permo-Triassic and Jurassic times, followed by a long period of constant and slow
cooling, than succeeded by a renewed accelerated cooling in the Neogene. During the last 10 Ma, differentiated erosion and
surface uplift affected the Rwenzori Mtns, with more pronounced uplift along the western flank. The final rock uplift of the
Rwenzori Mtns that partly led to the formation of the recent topography must have been fast and in the near past (Pliocene
to Pleistocene). Erosion could not compensate for the latest rock uplift, resulting in Oligocene to Miocene AHe ages. 相似文献
4.
Pietro Marescotti Eva Azzali Diego Servida Cristina Carbone Giovanni Grieco Luisa De Capitani Gabriella Lucchetti 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(1):187-199
In this work, we investigated a 3 ha sulphide-bearing waste-rock dump (Libiola Mine, Italy) using mineralogical, geochemical,
and geostatistical analyses. The dumped materials were highly heterogeneous in grain size and lithology and varied both laterally
and vertically. Other than the host rock of the ore, basalts and serpentinites, the dumped materials contained high amounts
of low-grade chalcopyrite- and pyrite-rich mineralisations. Due to these characteristics and to the absence of minerals able
to neutralise acidity, this waste-rock dump can be classified as an acid mine drainage (AMD) producer. The study confirms
that AMD is still active and, in the best scenario, can persist for up to 6.17 × 103 years. The consequences of this process are of serious environmental concern as it involves strong acidification of the circulating
waters, the release of potentially toxic metals into the soil, streams and rivers and the precipitation of huge quantities
of secondary Fe-oxides and Fe-oxyhydroxides. 相似文献
5.
Filippo Bandini Michael Butts Torsten Vammen Jacobsen Peter Bauer‐Gottwein 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4371-4383
Integrated hydrological models are usually calibrated against observations of river discharge and piezometric head in groundwater aquifers. Calibration of such models against spatially distributed observations of river water level can potentially improve their reliability and predictive skill. However, traditional river gauging stations are normally spaced too far apart to capture spatial patterns in the water surface, whereas spaceborne observations have limited spatial and temporal resolution. Unmanned aerial vehicles can retrieve river water level measurements, providing (a) high spatial resolution; (b) spatially continuous profiles along or across the water body, and (c) flexible timing of sampling. A semisynthetic study was conducted to analyse the value of the new unmanned aerial vehicle‐borne datatype for improving hydrological models, in particular estimates of groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interaction. Mølleåen River (Denmark) and its catchment were simulated using an integrated hydrological model (MIKE 11–MIKE SHE). Calibration against distributed surface water levels using the Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis algorithm demonstrated a significant improvement in estimating spatial patterns and time series of GW–SW interaction. After water level calibration, the sharpness of the estimates of GW–SW time series improves by ~50% and root mean square error decreases by ~75% compared with those of a model calibrated against discharge only. 相似文献
6.
Sixteen mucilages sampled in the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas during 1999–2001 were characterised using spectroscopic [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); colorimetric], chromatographic [thin-layer chromatography (TLC)], and elemental analysis techniques. Most samples contained comparable fractions of organic and inorganic compounds, with the exception of a few samples where the inorganic fraction was greater than the organic fraction. Carbohydrates were important in the samples rich in organic matter, while carbonate and silica (quartz and biogenic silica) were the most important constituents of the inorganic fraction. Carbonate and silica were the only important constituents of the samples with a very low organic content.According to chemical analyses, mucilage aggregates show the typical structure of humin—the insoluble fraction of the humic substance. Classification of mucilage samples as humin-like compounds, together with a reexamination of the factors involved in the formation of organic aggregates in marine environment, has led to the formulation of a reasonable hypothesis for mucilage formation. 相似文献
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H.A. Taylor R.E. Hartle H.B. Niemann L.H. Brace R.E. Daniell S.J. Bauer A.J. Kliore 《Icarus》1982,51(2):283-295
Across the nightside of Venus, daily measurements from the PV Orbiter Ion Mass Spectrometer often indicate an ionosphere of relatively abundant concentration, with a composition characteristic of the dayside ionosphere. Such conditions are interspersed by other days on which the ionosphere appears to largely “disappear” down to about 200 km, with ion concentrations at lower heights also much reduced. These characteristics, coupled with observations of strong day to night flows of O+ in the upper ionosphere, support arguments that ion transport from the dayside is important for the maintenance of the nightside ionosphere. Also, U.S. and Soviet observations of nightside energetic electron fluxes have prompted consideration of impact ionization as an additional nightside ion source. The details of the ion and neutral composition at low altitudes on the nightside provide an important input for further analysis of the maintenance process. In the range 140–160 km, strong concentrations of O2+ and NO+ indicate that the ionization peak is at times composed of at least two prominent ion species. Nightside concentrations of O2+ and NO+ as large as 105 and 104/cm3, respectively, appear to require sources in addition to that provided by transport. The most probable sources are considered briefly, and no satisfactory explanation is yet found for the observed NO+ concentrations. Further analysis beyond the scope of this paper is required to resolve this issue. 相似文献
9.
Julia Scharwächter Andreas Eckart Susanne Pfalzner Johannes Staguhn Eva Schinnerer 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):507-510
We address current theories of research on morphology, environment and evolution of active galaxies in the form of a detailed
case study of the nearby QSO host I Zw 1. This study is based on sub-kpc resolution 12CO(1-0) observations with the BIMA mm-interferometer and on near-infrared imaging with ISAAC at the VLT. The 12CO(1-0) maps reveal a circumnuclear molecular gas ring with a radius of 0.9 kpc. The imaging data in the J-band are analyzed
with respect to a disk-bulge decomposition. Together with a model of the gas rotation curve, the radial profile of the dynamical
J-band mass-to-light ratio (M/L) is discussed. The J-band images give new evidence for an interaction between I Zw 1 and its
nearby companion. First results from a sequence of N-body simulations for an extensive test of the parameter space of the
interaction are presented.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
A. Hofmann K. Arlt H. Balthasar S.M. Bauer W. Bittner J. Paschke E. Popow J. Rendtel D. Soltau T. Waldmann 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2012,333(9):854-862
The new Solar telescope GREGOR is designed to observe small‐scale dynamic magnetic structures below a size of 70 km on the Sun with high spectral resolution and polarimetric accuracy. For this purpose, the polarimetric concept of GREGOR is based on a combination of post‐focus polarimeters with pre‐focus equipment for high precision calibration. The Leibniz‐Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam developed the GREGOR calibration unit which is an integral part of the telescope. We give an overview of the function and design of the calibration unit and present the results of extensive testing series done in the Solar Observatory “Einsteinturm” and at GREGOR (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献