全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2226篇 |
免费 | 346篇 |
国内免费 | 375篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 97篇 |
大气科学 | 387篇 |
地球物理 | 598篇 |
地质学 | 942篇 |
海洋学 | 376篇 |
天文学 | 137篇 |
综合类 | 177篇 |
自然地理 | 233篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 98篇 |
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 110篇 |
2019年 | 97篇 |
2018年 | 107篇 |
2017年 | 131篇 |
2016年 | 152篇 |
2015年 | 130篇 |
2014年 | 151篇 |
2013年 | 164篇 |
2012年 | 127篇 |
2011年 | 165篇 |
2010年 | 121篇 |
2009年 | 146篇 |
2008年 | 120篇 |
2007年 | 109篇 |
2006年 | 95篇 |
2005年 | 87篇 |
2004年 | 57篇 |
2003年 | 63篇 |
2002年 | 49篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 71篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 53篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2947条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
Non‐equilibrium concepts lead to a unified explanation of the formation of chondrules and chondrites
Milton BLANDER Arthur D. PELTON In‐Ho JUNG Richard WEBER 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2004,39(12):1897-1910
Abstract— Calculations of the formation of seven types of chondrules in Semarkona from a gas of solar composition were performed with the FACT computer program to predict the chemistries of oxides (including silicates), developed by the authors and their colleagues. The constrained equilibrium theory was used in the calculations with two nucleation constraints suggested by nucleation theory. The first constraint was the blocking of Fe and other metal gaseous atoms from condensing to form solids or liquids because of very high surface free energies and high surface tensions of the solid and liquid metals, respectively. The second constraint was the blocking of the condensation of solids and the formation of metastable liquid oxides (including silicates) well below their liquidus temperatures. Our laboratory experiments suggested subcooling of type IIA chondrule compositions of 400 degrees or more below the liquidus temperature. The blocking of iron leads to a supersaturation of Fe atoms, so that the partial pressure of Fe (pFe) is larger than the partial pressure at equilibrium (pFe(eq)). The supersaturation ratio S = pFe/pFe(eq) becomes larger than 1 and increases rapidly with a decrease in temperature. This drives the reaction Fe + H2O ? H2 + FeO to the right. With S = 100, the activity of FeO in the liquid droplet is 100 times as large as the value at equilibrium. The FeO activities are a function of temperature and provide relative average temperatures of the crystallization of chondrules. Our calculations for the LL3.0 chondrite Semarkona and our study of some non‐equilibrium effects lead to accurate representations of the compositions of chondrules of types IA, IAB, IB, IIA, IIAB, IIB, and CC. Our concepts readily explain both the variety of FeO concentrations in the different chondrule types and the entire process of chondrule formation. Our theory is unified and could possibly explain the formation of chondrules in all chondritic meteorites as well as provide a simple explanation for the complex chemistries of chondrites, and especially for type 3 chondrites. 相似文献
2.
Sang-konKim Maeng-eonPark Seung-gyunBaek Kyu-youlSung Sun-okKim Hee-yulPark 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(2):125-135
Chemical composition, Raman microspectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-1R) and SEM-CL (Cathodluminescence) analyses are carried out for Tanzania and Madagascar garnets for locality identification. Inclusion study was sustained after electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Needle-like illmenites, apatites and zircons were the most common solid inclusions in Tanzania garnets. Madagascar garnets revealed rutile needles and apatites were also observed, but differences in size, shape and distribution patterns were noticed compared to Tanzania garnets. Tanzania garnets exhibited all types of observable fluid inclusions such as ““ fingerprint““ pattern, called Type Ⅰ-A, liquid-only (L) single phase fluid inclusion, called Type Ⅰ-B and Type Ⅱ-A ( L S), Type Ⅱ-B ( L V) and Type Ⅲ-A (L Sylvite even if all examined garnets from three localities retained ““fingerprint““ features, so called, partially healed fractures, in common. Chemical composition, Raman microspectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis taken turned out to be useful methods for the purpose of this study. Using consequences of SEM-CL and inclusion study, accordingly, the locality identification of gem-quality garnets is capable of being available in further application for other kinds of gemstones. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
We derived the age-metallicity relation for the solar neighbourhood from theuvby, H photometry of F-stars using the evolutionary models of Hejlesen (1980). It is shown that disk formation is divided into two phases according to the fast and slow collapse which accompany the initial rapid enrichment and slow increase of the metallicity of the galactic disk, respectively.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984. 相似文献
6.
Ho Il Yoon Myung Woo Han Byong-Kwon Park Jae-Kyung Oh Soon-Keun Chang 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):265-282
High-resolution (3.5 kHz and multi-channel) seismic profiles and piston cores were collected from Maxwell Bay and its tributary embayment, Marian Cove, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during the Korea Antarctic Research Program (1992/93 and 1995/96) to elucidate the glaciomarine sedimentation processes and recent glacial history of the area. Seismic data from Maxwell Bay reveal a rugged bay margin and flattened basin floor covered with well-stratified hemipelagic muds. On the base-of-slope, acoustically transparent debris flows occur, indicating downslope resedimentation of glaciomarine sediments. Despite the subpolar and ice-proximal settings of Marian Cove, the seafloor is highly rugged with a thin sediment drape, suggesting that much of the area has been recently eroded by glaciers. Sediment cores from the cove penetrated three distinct fining-upward lithofacies: (1) basal till in the lower part of the core, accumulated just seaward of the grounding line of the tidewater glacier; (2) interlaminated sand and mud in the middle part, deposited in ice-proximal zone by a combination of episodic subglacial meltwater inflow and iceberg dumping; and (3) pebbly mud in the upper part, deposited in ice-distal zone by both surface meltwater plume and ice-rafting from the glacier front. A reconstruction of the glacial history of these areas since the late glacial maximum shows an ice sheet filling Maxwell Bay in late Wisconsin time and grounding of the tidewater glacier in Marian Cove until about 1300 yr BP. 相似文献
7.
Wave-Current Forces on Slender Circular Cylinders 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Li Yucheng Wang Fenglong Kang Haigui Professor Dalian University of Technology Dalian Senior Engineer Dalian University of Technology Dalian Lecturer Dalian University of Technology Dalian 《中国海洋工程》1991,(3)
- A series model tests of wave forces by both regular and irregular waves combined with currents on single piles and bipiles in tandem and parallel arrays have been carried out. Based on Morison Equation, linear wave theory and linear wave spectrum theory as well, the characteristics of inline, lift and resultant forces on cylinders have been analyzed respectively. The drag, inertia and lift coefficients CD, CM and CL f皉 single piles related to KC number and the grouping effect coefficients of inline, lift and resultant forces on bipiles in tandem and parallel arrays related to KC number are given in this paper. 相似文献
8.
Ecological characteristics of Walleye pollock eggs and larvae in the southeastern Bering Sea during the late 1970s 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kyung-Mi Jung Sukyung Kang Suam Kim Arthur W. Kendall Jr. 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(6):859-871
Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is an ecologically and economically important groundfish in the eastern Bering Sea. Its population size fluctuates widely,
driving and being driven by changes in other components of the ecosystem. It is becoming apparent that dramatic shifts in
climate occur on a decadal scale, and these “regime shifts” strongly affect the biota. This paper examines quantitative collections
of planktonic eggs and larvae of pollock from the southeastern Bering Sea during 1976–1979. Mortality, advection, and growth
rates were estimated, and compared among the years encompassing the 1970s’ regime shift. These data indicate that pollock
spawning starts in late February over the basin north of Bogoslof Island. Over the shelf, most spawning occurs north of Unimak
Island near the 100 m isobath in early or mid April. Pollock eggs are advected to the northwest from the main spawning area
at 5–10 cm/sec. Larvae are found over the basin north of Bogoslof Island in April, and over the shelf between Unimak Island
and the Priblof Islands in May. Compared to 1977, the spawning period appeared to be later in 1976 (a cold year) and earlier
in 1978 (a warm year) in the study area. At the lower temperatures in 1976, egg duration would be longer and thus egg mortality
would operate over a longer period than in the other years. Mean larval growth appeared to be lower in 1976 than in 1977 and
1979. Estimated egg mortality rate in 1977 was 0.6 in April and 0.3 in early May. 相似文献
9.
Larval specimens ofHalicampus punctatus were collected off Ulsan and Uljin in December 2002 (three specimens) and off Ulsan in December 2003 (one specimen). These
specimens are characterized by the following morphological characteristics: rings, 14 + 35 = 49; subdorsal rings, 1 + 3 =
4; dorsal fin rays, 19 – 20; pectoral fin rays, 14 – 15; anal fin rays, 9; head length (HL), 5.8 – 6.7 in the standard length;
snout length, 1.9 in HL; snout depth, 3.7 – 5.2 in snout length. The number of caudal fin rays 9 is less than those of the
other species in the same genus 10. Wide stripe bands composed of small pigments are shown in the trunk and the tail. Melanophores
are not found in the dorsal fin, the pectoral fin, and the anal fin except the caudal fin. The supraoccipital crest is on
the head. The frontal ridge is on the dorsal side of front trunk. The blanched ridges on the opercular are fused with a main
ridge like a tree branch. A few branched ridges that are small and narrow on the trunk and the tail are fused with the main
ridges. We report these specimens as the first record in Korea and name them ‘Byeol-silgo-ki’ in Korean. 相似文献
10.
A comparison of the diffraction of multidirectional random waves using several selected wave spectrum models is presented in this paper. Six wave spectrum models, Bretschneider, Pierson–Moskowitz, ISSC, ITTC, Mitsuyasu, and JONSWAP spectrum, are considered. A discrete form for each of the given spectrum models is used to specify the incident wave conditions. Analytical solutions based on both the Fresnel integrals and polynomial approximations of the Fresnel integrals and numerical solutions of a boundary integral approach have been used to obtain the two-dimensional wave diffraction by a semi-infinite breakwater at uniform water depth. The diffraction of random waves is based on the cumulative superposition of linear diffraction solution. The results of predicted random wave diffraction for each of the given spectrum models are compared with those of the published physical model presented by Briggs et al. [1995. Wave diffraction around breakwater. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering—ASCE 121(1), 23–35]. Reasonable agreement is obtained in all cases. The effect of the directional spreading function is also examined from the results of the random wave diffraction. Based on these comparisons, the present model for the analysis of various wave spectra is found to be an accurate and efficient tool for predicting the random wave field around a semi-infinite breakwater or inside a harbor of arbitrary geometry in practical applications. 相似文献