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1.
Shizuo Tsunogai 《Journal of Oceanography》1972,28(4):145-152
A simple advection-diffusion model is applied to the deep water of the North Pacific Ocean. The physical mixing parameter, i.e., the ratio of vertical advection velocity (W) to vertical eddy diffusivity (D), is obtained from the vertical distribution of a conservative property such as salinity. The rate of decomposition of organic matter is estimated from the oxygen consumption rate which is obtained from dissolved oxygen content. The calcium carbonate flux in the deep water is obtained from alkalinity. Using these values and the vertical distribution of a radioisotope,14C or226Ra, the vertical eddy diffusivity and the upwelling velocity are found to be 1.2 cm2/sec and 1.4 ×10–5 cm/sec, respectively, at the Geosecs 1969 station. The oxygen consumption rate at 3 km depth of the station is found to be 1.4×10–3ml/l/yr. 相似文献
2.
The spring bloom of phytoplankton was studied in March in Funka Bay, Japan, to test the Tsunogai (1979)'s hypothesis regarding the role of silicate in the bloom. The hypothesis comprises two parts. 1) Diatoms are predominant when all the physical and chemical conditions are adequate for plankton growth. 2) Since the Si:P ratio of the diatom body is usually much larger than that of sea water, flagellates (non-siliceous phytoplankton) replace diatoms after dissolved silicate in the sea water has been almost completely consumed by diatoms. At the end of the bloom in late March phosphate still remained in the water but silicate was exhausted and the main species of phytoplankton changed from diatoms to flagellates. Grazing pressure by zooplankton at this time was not so great. A model using the data on assimilation rates of silicate showed a dramatic change of silicate uptake in late March. Poison in scallops caused byProtogonyaulux sp. (dinoflagellates) rapidly increased from mid-April at all stations along the coast of Funka Bay. All of these findings support Tsunogai's hypothesis. 相似文献
3.
A simple indirect method for the determination of organic carbon in marine particulate matter is proposed. The recommended procedure is as follows: The dried sample is ashed at 450°C for about 24 hr. The ashed sample is put into a Teflon vessel followed by a mixed solution of nitric acid, perchloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The vessel is sealed and allowed to stand at 150°C for 5 hr. The concentrations of Si and Al in the digested solution are determined. The organic carbon content (Cal-C, %) is calculated by the following equation: Cal-C=0.52 ([CF]–0.10 [Opal]–0.03 [A-Si]), where [CF] is the combustible fraction (%), [Opal] is the biogenic-SiO2(%), and [A-Si] is the content of aluminosilicate mineral (%). 相似文献
4.
Tidal currents observed in a surface layer overlying deep water in Sagami and Suruga Bays frequently have large amplitude in summer and fall. Numerical experiments show that the current amplitude due to the surface tides is below 1.0 cm sec–1 for the semidiurnal and diurnal constituents in the inner region of the two bays. The observed current amplitudes are larger than the calculated ones due to the surface tides. Therefore, the observed tidal currents are indicated to be due mainly to the internal tides. In addition, the semidiurnal currents dominate the diurnal currents in Sagami Bay, while the opposite occurs in Suruga Bay. These results suggest that the prevailing periods of the internal tides differ between the two bays,i.e., the internal tide has a semidiurnal period in Sagami Bay and a diurnal period in Suruga Bay. 相似文献
5.
Shuichi Watanabe Naoto Higashitani Nobuo Tsurushima Shizuo Tsunogai 《Journal of Oceanography》1994,50(4):415-421
The concentration of methane in seawater was determined approximately once a month for one year from August 1990 to July 1991 at a station close to the center of Funka bay (92 m depth) and some supplementary observations were also carried out. The concentration of methane was usually increased with increasing depth, suggesting that methane was emitted from the bottom of the bay. While highly variable both spatially and temporally, the emission was intense in March and April, a period immediately after the spring bloom of phytoplankton. The maximum of methane found in the intermediate water suggests its source from the slope of the bay. The concentration of methane in the surface water changed seasonally and also interannually. The annually averaged flux of methane transferred to the atmosphere in the bay was estimated to be 6×10–3 gCH4m2/day. The coastal zone in the world may be a significant source of the atmospheric methane, although its source strength has yet to be accurately estimated from more data in different coastal seas. 相似文献
6.
基于拉格朗日余流及其输运过程的一种三维空间弱非线性理论,进一步假定Si在河口的无因次化学转移项量级为k^2,给出了Si的长期输运方程。对于一种二维模型河口,数值求解了零阶天文潮,欧拉余流、斯托克斯漂移、拉格朗日余流和盐度的分布;分别计算了平均逼留时间为13,30,60,180d等所对应的Si浓度分布;给出了Si-s相关图,讨论了河口中Si的保守性问题。 相似文献
7.
Sediment trap experiments were carried out 39 times during the years from 1977 to 1981 in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. The observed total particulate flux varies seasonally, that is, the particulate fluxes in winter and spring are larger than those in summer. The fluxes in all seasons increased with depth. Major components of settling particles are aluminosilicate in winter, biogenic silicate in spring and organic matter and terrestrial material in summer, respectively. The fluxes of each chemical component observed with sediment traps are normalized to that of Al by assuming that the actual flux of Al is equal to the accumulation rate onto the sediment surface. Vertical changes of the normalized flux of each chemical component indicate the following: Fe was not regenerated from the settling particles in the water column. Mn was regenerated from the settling particles in the lower layer exclusively between 80 m depth and the sediment surface. Cd was actively regenerated in the upper layer above 80 m depth. Phosphate was regenerated in the upper layer, while biogenic silicate was in the lower layer. The silicate regeneration, therefore, occurs after phosphate regeneration. The material decomposing in the water column below 40 m has an atomic ratio of P ∶ Si ∶ C = 1 ∶ 52 ∶ 128. 相似文献
8.
Sea water samples were collected from various depths in the North Pacific (40–21°N) along 165°E in 1991. Their total carbonate (total dissolved carbonate species) contents were determined with random errors less than 0.2% by a coulometric method. The preformed carbonate contents defined by Chen (1982) were calculated from the obtained data and other observed data including potential temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and total alkalinity. The same calculation was done for the GEOSECS data obtained in nearly the same region in 1973. The difference between the two data sets reveals that the preformed carbonate has increased by 180±41 gC/m2 during the last 18 years. This value is comparable or somewhat larger than 150 gC/m2 obtained in the case that the ocean uptakes 3 GtC/yr for 18 years and distributes it equally among the world oceans. Based on the results, a hypothesis on the missing sink for the anthropogenic carbon dioxide is presented, in that the missing sink is the intermediate waters formed in the northern North Pacific and the Southern Ocean besides the deep waters formed in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. 相似文献
9.
Iodine in sea water of the Pacific was determined with special interest in the relation between iodide and iodate in the surface water of the ocean. The result was discussed with reference to the mechanism of iodide formation proposed byTsunogai andSase. The concentration of iodide varies widely from the lower value than the detection limit to 0.21g at./l, while the concentration of total iodine is nearly constant and the mean value is 0.41g at./l. The vertical profile of iodide often shows the maximum in the surface layer. In the surface layer, the concentration of iodide is higher in warm water (0,10g at./l on the average) than that in cold water of lower temperature than 20° C (0.03g at/l). The highest concentration of iodide among the warm waters is found in the surface water of the equatorial area (0.13g at./l) where the biological productivity is also high. Iodide is generally more enriched in the water having higher biological activity even in the cold water. These results are considered to be compatible with the mechanism of iodide formation proposed. 相似文献
10.
A preliminary study of carbon system in the East China Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shizuo Tsunogai Shuichi Watanabe Junya Nakamura Tsuneo Ono Tetsuro Sato 《Journal of Oceanography》1997,53(1):9-17
In the central part of the East China Sea, the activity of CO2 in the surface water and total carbonate, pH and alkalinity in the water column were determined in winter and autumn of 1993.
The activity of CO2 in the continental shelf water was about 50 ppm lower than that of surface air. This decrease corresponds to the absorption
of about 40 gC/m2/yr of atmospheric CO2 in the coastal zone or 1 GtC/yr in the global continental shelf, if this rate is applicable to entire coastal seas. The normalized
total carbonate contents were higher in the water near the coast and near the bottom. This increase toward the bottom may
be due to the organic matter deposited on the bottom. This conclusion is supported by the distribution of pH. The normalized
alkalinity distribution also showed higher values in the near-coast water, but in the surface water, indicating the supply
of bicarbonate from river water. The residence time of the East China Sea water, including the Yellow Sea water, has been
calculated to be about 0.8 yr from the excess alkalinity and the alkalinity input. Using this residence time and the excess
carbonate, we can estimate that the amount of dissolved carbonate transported from the coastal zone to the oceanic basin is
about 70 gC/m2/yr or 2 GtC/yr/area-of-global-continental-shelf. This also means that the rivers transport carbon to the oceans at a rate
of 30 gC/m2/yr of the coastal sea or 0.8 GtC/yr/ area-of-global shelf, the carbon consisting of dissolved inorganic carbonate and terrestrial
organic carbon decomposed on the continental shelf. 相似文献