Variations of Total Nitrogen Oxide Content in the Atmosphere over the North Caucasus

The data are presented on total nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) content in the atmosphere from 1979 to 2009 at the high-mountain scientific station located in the unpolluted area in the North Caucasus at the height of 2070 m above the sea level (43.7° N, 42.7° E). The total content of NO₂ was measured on the basis of attenuation of direct solar radiation over slope pathways after the sunrise and before the sunset. Characteristics features are analyzed of temporal variability of total NO₂ content in the atmosphere related to its diurnal and seasonal variations, 11-year solar activity, volcanic eruptions, quasi-biennial oscillations of tropical circulation, and the El Niño effect.     

Rings of debris in near-Earth space

The formation of space debris as an accumulation of small heavenly bodies in near-Earth space is considered. How debris can arise in near-Earth space is described. The accumulation of debris is shown to have a ring structure. The formation and spatial distribution of debris are statistically analyzed. A hypothesis for the formation of debris rings in near-Earth space is proposed.     

Long-Term Observations of Stratospheric Species at the A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Russian Academy of Sciences: Analysis of Trends and Interannual Variations in the Total Contents of O3 and NO2

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Results of long-term measurements and an analysis of the temporal variability of the total contents (TC) of O3 and NO2 at the Kislovodsk High-Altitude...     

Parametric Models of Microwave Radiation of Land Covers in Aircraft Navigation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - To solve the tasks of the correlation–extreme navigation using microwave radiation, we suggest models of land-cover radiation (parametric models...     

Near-Earth space as an object of global monitoring

Near-Earth space is analyzed as a specific object for global monitoring. The structure and specific features of near-Earth space are considered. It is shown that this zone includes almost all the terrestrial fields and the regions where space is actively explored by man.     

Brewer,SAOZ and Ozonesonde Observations in Siberia

Abstract

Regular ground-based measurements of total ozone are available over the full Russian territory using M-124 filter ozonometers, Brewer spectrophotometers, and Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale (SAOZ) spectrometers in the Arctic region where these observations are essential for evaluating ozone loss in winter. Daily measurements are performed by three Brewer spectrophotometers; these are located in Kislovodsk (43.7°N, 42.7°E), Obninsk (55.1°N, 36.6°E), and Tomsk (56.5°N, 85.1°E). Two SAOZ spectrometers are deployed at the Arctic Circle in Salekhard (66.5°N, 66.7°E) and Zhigansk (66.8°N, 123.4°E). In addition, regular winter–spring ozonesonde soundings are carried out in Salekhard. Altogether, they have provided the unique measurements over the eastern Arctic required for characterizing ozone loss during each winter and will also monitor the anticipated ozone recovery following the reduction of chlorine and bromine ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere.     

Remote method of determining the coordinates of points on a planetary surface

A method and an algorithm for determining the coordinates of points on the planetary surface are described. The coordinates are determined using photographs. To solve the problem, the spacecraft coordinates need to be determined at five trajectory points. The spacecraft trajectory is considered to be a plane. The method is applicable for determining the coordinates of points on the Earth’s surface and on the surface of other planets.