墨西哥湾西南部的石油前景

墨西哥湾西南部为墨西哥塔毛利帕斯和韦拉克鲁斯州的近海区。采用地震探测的石油勘探始于２０世纪５０年代 ,至今已钻探２５口探井 ,在１６个油田中发现储量６４８ＭＭＢＯＥ。根据地质和地球物理解释 ,确定了４个生产油气远景区和１２个假设油气远景区 ,牛津阶是一套沉积于局限台地环境的钙质砂岩和白云岩。产自钙质沙滩的圣安德烈斯（启莫里叽阶）与基底抬升有关。Ｔａｍａｂｒａ、Ｍａｒｉｎｏ属陆架边缘的山麓堆积相 ,Ｅ１ＡｂｒａＬａｇｕｎａｒ属高能相楔形体。第三系油气远景区是假设的 ,它们与３个构造区有关 ,即扩张区、盐沼区和挤…     

裂陷盆地与强拆离盆地：陆内伸展盆地的两个端元

大陆伸展构造体系具有两种端元特征，即裂谷环境和强烈的伸展地体。这些不同的构造样式形成并被记录在不同的伸展盆地中，陆内的裂陷作用通常出现在具有正常地壳厚度和热均衡的地区。裂陷沉降普遍伴随阗碱性－拉斑玄武岩岩浆活动具有大倾角的边界断层，小于１ｍｍ／ａ的滑移速率，以及小幅度伸展特征。     

甘肃通渭“9·14”常河滑坡成因机理

2019年9月14日11时,受多日降雨影响,甘肃省定西市通渭县常家河镇小庄村发生大规模黄土滑坡,体积约800万m³。滑坡造成部分农田、公路及阳坡大桥损毁,直接经济损失约2 347.2万元。在对滑坡现场进行大量地面调查的基础上,通过无人机航拍、现场测绘、走访调查和数值模拟等手段对滑坡的变形破坏特征进行了分析,并在此基础上探讨了其成因机制。结果表明:斜坡体是在震裂、蠕变、软化、水动力等多种条件下按照一定的先后顺序由稳态逐步演化至失稳;该滑坡的失稳演化过程和灾变机制可以概括为原始斜坡(黄土、泥岩二元层状结构)-地震触发(滑坡堆积体、坡体震裂损伤)-蠕变弱化(层间剪切带、裂缝和落水洞扩展)-降雨激发(滑带软化、泥化,水压力作用)-失稳滑动(滑面贯通)5个阶段;由于长期的蠕变和雨水的渗透冲蚀,坡体上的落水洞和地下暗河十分发育,且是控制本次滑坡边界的关键因素;滑坡后缘和前缘变形剧烈,中部变形相对稍弱,推断该滑坡为受地形及地下水作用控制明显的牵引-推移式复合滑坡。     

交错网格波场数值模拟频散分析与校正策略

交错网格高阶差分解法是地震波场模拟的一种有效方法,这种方法的不足是时间和空间网格的离散,以差分代替微分模拟地震波场会引起数值频散.通量传输校正(FCT)方法能够有效地压制数值频散,将FCT方法与交错网格有限差分法相结合,可以提高波场模拟的精度和运算效率.     

秋季南黄海表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布

2007年秋季(10月)在黄海22个站位采集表层沉积物样品进行甲藻孢囊的种类鉴定与计数,本航次中共鉴定出33种(不包括2个未确定种),优势种是锥状斯克里普藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alex-andrium tamarense)和膝沟藻属(Gonyaulaxsp.)的种类。与东海和南海甲藻孢囊的同期丰度相比,黄海的相对较低,丰度范围为10~519个/cm3,平均108个/cm3。孢囊丰度总体分布趋势从北向南递增,最高丰度区出现在长江口以北(32°19′59.88″N,122°37′5.16″E),另外,在南黄海调查海域中,中部黄海冷水团区域孢囊丰度较高,膝沟藻成为该区域的优势种,密集中心达101个/cm3。有毒甲藻孢囊在沉积物表层聚集且分布广泛,有爆发赤潮的可能。     

热带气旋转向的观测分析

此文用21年(1957-1977)的北太平洋探空资料,研究了大尺度天气型与热带气旋转向前和转向期间的环境场相互作用的问题。这是首次对对流层各层环境风场与热带气旋转向前和转向期间的关系所进行的定量研究。结果发现,热带气旋转向前1-2天,气旋北方、西北方对流层高层的纬向风场有明显的变化。气旋的转向,实际上是当正纬向风在距气旋中心6°时穿入中高对流层开始转向的。如在这个半径出现负纬向风就不会转向。     

针对玉米的作物特性的干旱指数

目前广泛使用的农业干旱指标如帕尔默干旱严重程度指数和作物水分指数都没有考虑定作物对干旱事件的响应，因此，由ＰＤＳＩ及ＣＭＩ等指数得到的值都不能直接把干旱对作物生产及产量的影响联系起来，该文提出了一个新的干旱指数，它针对某一种作物且考虑了作物特定生长过程中的水分利用，研制作物特性干旱指数（简称ＣＳＤＩ）使用了内由拉斯加州中东部作物报千区８年的资料，并用该ＣＲＤ另外１０年资料，密苏里州东北部ＣＲＤ９年     

An evaluation of marine bird population trends following the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska

We examined post-spill trends (1989-1998) of marine bird populations in Prince William Sound (PWS) following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) to evaluate recovery of injured taxa. Two criteria were employed. First, we examined population trends of injured taxa only in the oiled area of PWS using regression models. Second, we examined population trends of injured taxa in the oiled area relative to the unoiled area using homogeneity of the slopes tests. We considered a population recovering if there was a positive trend using either criteria. We considered a population not recovering if there was no trend using either criteria or a negative trend in the oiled area. A significant negative trend in the oiled area relative to the unoiled area was considered a continuing and increasing effect. Most taxa for which injury was previously demonstrated were not recovering and some taxa showed evidence of increasing effects nine years after the oil spill. Four taxa (loons Gavia spp, Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus, Bufflehead Bucephala spp, and North-western Crow Corvus caurinus) showed weak to very weak evidence of recovery. None of these taxa showed positive trends in both winter and summer. Nine taxa (grebes Podiceps spp, cormorants Phalacrocorax spp, Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani, Mew Gull Larus canus, Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens, terns Sterna spp, murres Uria spp, Pigeon Guillemot Cepphus columba, and murrelets Brachyramphus spp) showed no evidence of recovery during summer or winter. Four taxa (scoters Melanitta spp, mergansers Mergus spp, goldeneyes Bucephala spp, and Black-legged Kittiwaka Rissa tridactyla) showed evidence of continuing, increasing effects. We showed evidence of slow recovery, lack of recovery, and divergent population trends in many taxa which utilize shoreline and nearshore habitats where oil is likely to persist. Potential lingering spill effects and natural variability appear to be acting in concert in delaying recovery of many PWS bird populations.