Effects of short-term weather changes in Naberezhnye Chelny city on people suffering from ischemic heart disease

Studied are the effects that variations of meteorological parameters at different time scales in Naberezhnye Chelny city produce on people suffering from ischemic heart disease. The number of ambulance calls from 2010 to 2012, meteorological parameters, and some biometeorological indices are compared by the cross-correlation analysis. Demonstrated is the absence of statistically significant correlation between the daily series of ambulance calls due to ischemic heart disease during the period under study, on the one hand, and average daily series of major meteorological parameters and the most frequently used biometeorological indices, on the other hand. Revealed is the correlation between the number of ambulance calls and the intradaily variations of air pressure and air temperature at the time scale of 3 hours. Proposed is a parameter (biometeorological index of weather effects, IWE) taking into account the total effects of intradaily variations of air pressure and air temperature and characterized by statistically significant correlation with the number of ambulance calls made by people suffering from ischemic heart disease.     

Wave Activity and Its Changes in the Troposphere and Stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in Winters of 1979–2016

An analysis of spectra of wave disturbances with zonal wave numbers 1 ≤ k ≤ 10 is carried out using winter (November to March) ERA-Interim reanalysis geopotential data in the troposphere and stratosphere for 1979–2016. Contributions of eastward-traveling (E), westward-traveling (W), and stationary (S) waves are estimated. The intensification of wave activity is observed in the tropical troposphere and stratosphere and in the upper stratosphere of the entire Northern Hemisphere. The intensification of wave activity in the tropics and subtropics is noted for waves of all types (E, W, and S), while in the middle and higher latitudes it is related mainly to stationary and eastward waves. Near the subtropical tropopause, the energy of stationary waves has increased in recent decades. In addition, in the tropical and subtropical troposphere and in the subtropical lower stratosphere, the energy of the eastward-traveling waves in El Niño years may be one and a half times or twice the energy in La Niña years. The spectrally weighted zonal wave numbers for waves of all types (E, W, and S) are the largest in the upper subtropical troposphere. The spectrally weighted zonal wave number for W and S waves is correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index and varies by 15% in 1979–2016 (on an interdecadal time scale). The spectrally weighted wave period is larger in the stratosphere than in the troposphere. It is maximal in the middle extratropical stratosphere. The spectrally weighted wave periods correlate with the activity of sudden stratospheric warmings. The sign of this correlation depends on the latitude, atmospheric layer, and zonal wave number.     

On some manifestations of Markov properties in long-term dynamics of thermal regime anomalies in Kazan

Long-term (1900–2004) dynamics of anomalies of annual mean air temperature, documented at the Meteorological Observatory of Kazan University, is considered as the behavior of a system passing through its certain states. By using the basic statements of random function theory, some features of the system behavior are studied from scientific and applied points of view.     

Impact of Sulfur Dioxide on the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This paper updates the results obtained earlier with the climate model developed at the A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian...     

Long-term variations in surface air pressure and surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes

The spatiotemporal variability of surface air pressure and surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere troposphere in 1990-2014 is described. In 2005 the low-frequency component (LFC) of average air temperature in January averaged over the latitude zone of 32.5°-67.5° N has stopped its increase that lasted for 35 years (from 1970). The LFC of air temperature in July has continued growing since 1975 (for 39 years). The anomalies of air pressure and air temperature for thirty-year periods and the dynamics of LFC of air temperature and air pressure in the atmospheric centers of action are analyzed.     

Estimation of contemporary observed variations of air temperature and wind speed in the troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere

Carried out is the statistical analysis of contemporary observed variations of air temperature and wind speed in the troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere based on the data on global surface air temperature for 1850–2013 obtained from the University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit (HadCRUT4) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (1948–2013). Revealed are the long-term trends of air temperature and wind speed at different constant-pressure levels. Established is the anticipatory role of the zonal atmospheric circulation in the long-term variability of air temperature in the lower troposphere averaged for the zone of 30°–70° N. According to the results of correlation analysis, in some areas of the Northern Hemisphere the contribution of the wind speed to air temperature variability makes up not less than 60%.