北秦岭古聚会带壳幔再循环

以同构造期代表古洋壳残片的蛇绿岩及产于古岛弧的玄武岩为基础，通过Ｎｄ，Ｐｂ同位素与微量元素示踪及岩浆源区分析，揭示出北秦岭元古宙上地幔以强亏损（εＮｄ（ｔ）＋６．３～＋７．３）和高的Ｙｂ／Ｈｆ，Ｎｂ／Ｌａ和Ｔｈ／Ｌａ比值为特征，北秦岭地壳和上地幔明显具有Ｐｂ同位素比值高的特征．北秦岭丹凤群岛弧火山岩、二郎坪群弧后玄武岩以及松树沟蛇绿岩中变拉斑玄武岩εＮｄ（ｔ）、放射成因Ｐｂ同位素、Ｙ／Ｔｂ和Ｔｉ－ＭｇＯ研究表明，本区玄武岩存在两类性质不同的岩浆源．一类与亏损的北秦岭岩石圈上地幔源区有关；另一类与携带海洋沉积物的洋壳板块俯冲参与有关．由此，论证了北秦岭古聚会带壳幔之间物质再循环     

Seasonal Variation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Its Association with the Heating Field over East Asia

The structure and seasonal variation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet （EAWJ） and associations with heating fields over East Asia are examined by using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Obvious differences exist in the westerly jet intensity and location in different regions and seasons due to the ocean-land distribution and seasonal thermal contrast, as well as the dynamic and thermodynamic impacts of the Tibetan Plateau. In winter, the EAWJ center is situated over the western Pacific Ocean and the intensity is reduced gradually from east to west over the East Asian region. In summer, the EAWJ center is located over the north of the Tibetan Plateau and the jet intensity is reduced evidently compared with that in winter. The EAWJ seasonal evolution is characterized by the obvious longitudinal inconsistency of the northward migration and in-phase southward retreat of the EAWJ axis. A good correspondence between the seasonal variations of EAWJ and the meridional differences of air temperature （MDT） in the mid-upper troposphere demonstrates that the MDT is the basic reason for the seasonal variation of EAWJ. Correlation analyses indicate that the Kuroshio Current region to the south of Japan and the Tibetan Plateau are the key areas for the variations of the EAWJ intensities in winter and in summer, respectively. The strong sensible and latent heating in the Kuroshio Current region is closely related to the intensification of EAWJ in winter. In summer, strong sensible heating in the Tibetan Plateau corresponds to the EAWJ strengthening and southward shift, while the weak sensible heating in the Tibetan Plateau is consistent with the EAWJ weakening and northward migration.     

甘肃陇南市武都区小水沟泥石流治理防治工程

2008年"5.12"汶川特大地震对甘肃省陇南市造成了严重危害。震后次生地质灾害对陇南市城镇村庄、交通和人民群众生命财产安全造成严重威胁。武都区蒲池乡小水沟震后产生了大量的崩塌、滑塌堆积体,一旦遭遇暴雨,极易发生泥石流灾害,直接危及小水沟沟口左岸九年制义务学校一座及沟口两岸居民,因此治理该泥石流沟是十分必要的。通过对当地暴雨特征、地层岩性、地质构造、泥石流固体物质源及形成的踏勘,针对该泥石流具有危险度高,流量大的特点,执行全面规划、重点治理的设计思路,采取了防护、生物工程相结合的综合防治措施。拦挡工程为有效发挥工程泻洪、拦渣、调节、固床、稳坡和控制固体物质补给量,预防沟道下切及沟壑发展,减少泥石流对下游村庄危害,起到了积极作用;生物工程的主要作用是稳固堤前砂土、减缓水石流流速、减小水石流对护堤的直接冲蚀和破坏、保障堤内居民生命财产安全和耕地的正常使用、增大植被覆盖率,绿化环境等。     

体育场馆产业虚拟集群的构建

基于互联网技术在产业领域全面渗透的发展形势,部分学者提出“网络空间邻近性将取代地理空间邻近性”的论断,而另一部分研究结论坚持认为网络信息技术与平台是线下产业转型升级的“催化剂”,同时提出线下实体产业自身及其关联产业之间的地理要素对线上虚拟平台的构建与发展具有重要意义。据此,文章从地理空间的视角,试图阐释体育场馆虚拟集群构建的地理学研究基础和关注重点,分析体育场馆地理聚集效应无法形成的原因,总结归纳产业虚拟集群具有促进产业聚集形态、提高规模经济效益、建立分工协作关系、带动合作与竞争氛围、形成柔性化创新模式等作用,提出构建虚拟集群是未来体育场馆产业发展的重要形式之一。目前,中国体育场馆产业虚拟集群是横向各成员间合作与竞争的利益价值链,纵向是供需两端线上下产销价值链,共同构成了集群基本的结构体系;根据集群产业的主体规模、地理位置、产权属性和网络化程度等,场馆产业虚拟集群可分为单体型、连锁型、联盟型;而根据场馆产业集群的结构体系和功能特征,其发展过程需历经技术融合、产品改造、结构优化3个升级阶段。最终,建议通过正确认识场馆虚拟集群构建的地理性涵义,持续提升线下场馆服务的核心竞争力,发挥政府的政策支持和牵头结盟作用,建立场馆虚拟集群成员准入监督机制,为虚拟产业集群的创新发展提供理论与实践指导。     

18—23MSP 多光谱航空摄影技术

此项研究是国家科技攻关项目。在研究此课题以前,世界上采用的多光谱航空摄影机一直是小像幅的(大部分为6cmx6cm,代称为6MSP)。6MSP不能测图,分光“有害吸收”大,故图像质量差,且像幅小,飞行和后期加工量极大。本研究采用18cm×l8cm和23cm×23cm像幅航空摄影测量像机组成多光谱像机组,并设计了“截止滤光镜一特制感光胶片”组合的无“有害吸收”的分光系统,使本多光谱航空摄影像幅比6MSP加大了9倍和14.7倍,并能“一摄多用”,既能测图,又能进行资源调查和环境监测,其图像因无“有害吸收”,分光质量高,可供目视判读,也可输入计算机进行准确地物分类解译。18-23MSP是一项有效的航空遥感技术。     

Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai

A comparative study on the vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai was conducted based on the data obtained from a micro pulse lidar.There was a distinct difference in layer thickness and extinction coefficient under the two types of weather conditions.Aerosols were concentrated below 1 km and the aerosol extinction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 1.50km^-1 on haze days.In contrast,aerosols with smaller extinction coefficients(0.20 0.35 km^-1) accumulated mainly from the surface to 2 km on floating dust days.The seasonal variations of extinction and aerosol optical depth（AOD） for both haze and floating dust cases were similar greatest in winter,smaller in spring,and smallest in autumn.More than 85%of the aerosols appeared in the atmosphere below 1 km during severe haze and floating dust weather.The diurnal variation of the extinction coefficient of haze exhibited a bimodal shape with two peaks in the morning or at noon,and at nightfall,respectively.The aerosol extinction coefficient gradually increased throughout the day during floating dust weather.Case studies showed that haze aerosols were generated from the surface and then lifted up,but floating dust aerosols were transported vertically from higher altitude to the surface.The AOD during floating dust weather was higher than that during haze.The boundary layer was more stable during haze than during floating dust weather.     

武汉东湖不同营养型子湖的水生生物与水域功能

于１９９１－１９９３年研究了武汉东湖４个营养型不同的子湖中水生生物与水域功能,表明各子湖之间各类水生生物的生态特征存在明显差异,茶港湾的ＨＢＣ和ＦＣ的数量,藻类的细胞密度和初级生产量,浮游动物和底栖动物的个体密度等均居４个子湖之首,其水质已达到了超富营养水平,将该湖区的作为污水天然净化区进行管理,可望对东湖的主体湖区起到缓冲和保护作用,郭郑湖的水质状况仅次于茶港湾湖区,处于富营养阶段,该湖区多项生     

高精度磁测在IOCG型铁矿勘查中的应用——以智利英格瓦塞铁矿为例

IOCG型（铁氧化物铜金型）矿床富含铁氧化物,且常缺失硫化物,高精度磁测是寻找IOCG矿床重要的有效手段之一。英格瓦塞铁矿位于智利中北部IOCG型矿床成矿带,前期地质工作程度较低。在智利英格瓦塞铁矿矿区地质特征调查基础上,重点针对中部矿区的7个磁异常区,利用RGIS对其高精度磁测数据进行面积上延、面积下延、剖面下延及2.5D反演拟合处理,结果表明,本区引起磁异常的磁性地质体整体呈NE向延伸、倾向NW、倾角较陡。除Ⅰ号和Ⅴ号磁异常规模较小外,其他几个磁异常中心找矿前景较大,有规模的磁异常区大多埋深在50~120 m之间,为下一步地质找矿钻探验证提供了有效的基础。同时,该勘查方法可为中国IOCG型铁矿找矿工作提供参考依据。     

Individual and combined effects of land use/cover and climate change on Wolf Bay watershed streamflow in southern Alabama

Land use/cover (LULC) and climate change are two main factors affecting watershed hydrology. In this paper, individual and combined impacts of LULC and climate change on hydrologic processes were analysed applying the model Soil and Water Assessment Tool in a coastal Alabama watershed in USA. Temporally and spatially downscaled Global Circulation Model outputs predict a slight increase in precipitation in the study area, which is also projected to experience substantial urban growth in the future. Changes in flow frequency and volume in the 2030s (2016–2040) compared to a baseline period (1984–2008) at daily, monthly and annual time scales were explored. A redistribution of daily streamflow is projected when either climate or LULC change was considered. High flows are predicted to increase, while low flows are expected to decrease. Combined change effect results in a more noticeable and uneven distribution of daily streamflow. Monthly average streamflow and surface runoff are projected to increase in spring and winter, but especially in fall. LULC change does not have a significant effect on monthly average streamflow, but the change affects partitioning of streamflow, causing higher surface runoff and lower baseflow. The combined effect leads to a dramatic increase in monthly average streamflow with a stronger increasing trend in surface runoff and decreasing trend in baseflow. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.