Results of Russian investigations into the middle atmosphere (2011–2014)

The results of Russian investigations into the Earth’s middle atmosphere that were published in the period of 2011–2014 are presented. The survey is prepared as part of the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences for the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union on Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) that was held from June 22 to July 2, 2015, in Prague, Czech Republic.     

Results of Russian Studies of the Middle Atmosphere in 2015–2018

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A review of the results of Russian studies of the middle atmosphere in 2015–2018 prepared by the Commission on the Middle Atmosphere of the...     

Russian studies of the middle atmosphere in 2003–2006

This review of the results of the 2003–2006 Russian studies of the middle atmosphere, which was prepared by the Middle Atmosphere Commission of the Section of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences of the National Geophysical Committee, Russian Academy of Sciences, is presented as a national report on meteorology and atmospheric sciences for the XXIV General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Perugia, July 2–13, 2007).     

Response of the global fields of temperature and tropospheric wind and the middle atmosphere to variations in the solar UV radiation flow during a solar activity cycle in the presence of planetary waves (3D modeling)

Using a model of the general circulation, the response of the temperature and wind in the Earth’s atmosphere to variations in solar UV radiation flows during an 11-year activity cycle is studied with respect to their dependence on the wavelength. Satellite measurement data for the 23rd cycle that were characterized by anomalously low flows of UV radiation at minimum activity are used in calculations. To implement numerical scenarios, wavelength-dependent variations in the UV radiation flow changing absorption in the bands of ozone and molecular oxygen are used in the radiation block of the model. Based on empirical data, a spatial structure of stationary disturbances having the wavenumbers S = 1, 2, and 3 are assigned at the lower boundary of the model. The calculation results demonstrating the changes in the atmospheric parameters between the solar activity maximum and minimum within the height range 0–120 km are presented. It is shown that the response of monthly average values has a wavy structure in latitude, i.e., a nonseasonal character, amounting to several degrees in the lower atmosphere. The results obtained indicate that planetary waves are an important link in the transmission of an external effect on the lower atmosphere.     

Results of Russian studies of the middle atmosphere, 2007–2010

This paper presents a review of the results from Russian studies of the middle atmosphere in 2007–2010 drawn up by the Commission on the Middle Atmosphere of the Section of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences of the National Geophysical Committee, Russian Academy of Sciences, for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the XXIV General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Melbourne, Australia, June 28–July 7, 2011).     

Experimental Global Forecasts of Atmospheric Parameters Based on Experimental Technology that Takes into Account Ozone Photochemistry (FOROZ Model)

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The results of numerical seasonal forecasts of temperature calculated with two interactive global numerical models, the CHARM photochemical model (0–90 km) of the...     

Changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere in the polar regions of the Earth after solar proton flares (3d modeling)

The paper presents the results of numerical photochemical simulations of the impact of the most powerful solar proton flares during the 23rd solar cycle on the ozonosphere in the polar regions of the Earth. A global 3D photochemical model, CHARM, developed at Central Aerological Observatory (CAO) was used in the simulations. The model introduces an additional source of nitrogen atoms and OH radicals. These components are formed due to the ionization effect of solar protons in the Earth’s atmosphere. The ionization rate was determined from data on proton fluxes measured by GOES satellites. The production rate of additional NO _x and HО _x molecules per ion pair was based on published theoretical studies. It is shown that the most intense flares in the 23rd solar cycle (2000, 2001, and 2003) destroyed ozone in the mesosphere to a great extent (sometimes completely, for example, during the July 14, 2000, event). It is found that the response of ozone to solar proton events follows a seasonal pattern. For the first time, the long-term effect of solar proton events is identified; it is approximately one year.     

Monitoring of solar proton events at altitudes up to 1000 km: Data from the Russian space experiments. Solar proton effects in the Earth’s ozonosphere

The paper illustrates the opportunities provided by the use of data from Russian satellite experiments (CORONAS and Universitetsky-Tatiana of Meteor series) on the measurement of fluxes and spectra of solar cosmic rays at altitudes of 370–1000 km for simulation of the ozonosphere state. The results of photochemical simulation and observational data analysis showing the influence of solar protons on polar ozonosphere and lower ionosphere in periods of solar proton events (SPE) on November 4, 2001, October 28, 2003, and January 16, 2005 are presented. It is shown that the solar proton action causes ozone depletion in the mesosphere above the polar regions. The strongest depletion (up to 70%) was caused by the SPE that occurred on October 28, 2003.     

Solar proton activity during cycle 23 and changes in the ozonosphere: Numerical simulation and analysis of observational data

Using the data on solar proton fluxes measured on board the GOES satellites, the most powerful solar proton events (SPEs) of solar cycle 23 are selected, and ionization rates in the atmosphere in these periods at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are calculated. Assuming that each ion pair formed at the retardation of solar protons in the atmosphere leads to the formation of 1.25 molecules of nitric oxide, 2.0 molecules of the OH radical, and one oxygen atom, changes in the content of ozone, nitrogen and other compounds were calculated using a photochemical model. The calculations showed that the strongest ionization and destruction of ozone was caused by SPEs that occurred on July 14, 2000; November 8, 2000; November 4, 2001; and October 28, 2003. The results can form the basis for compiling the catalog of changes in ionization and ozone in the atmosphere caused by solar proton activity.     

Impact of space energetic particles on the Earth’s atmosphere (a review)

The state of the Earth??s upper atmosphere is formed with the participation of impacts by energetic particles, such as galactic cosmic rays, protons of solar proton events, and precipitation of relativistic electrons. Changes in the neutral composition and the thermal and dynamical regime of the upper atmosphere during periods of disturbances caused by the influence of energetic particles are considered.