隐伏金属矿床上升气流微粒特征、形成及迁移

结合地球化学和纳米科学技术的理论和研究方法,研究隐伏金属矿床有关微粒的形成、迁移和特征。对十多个金属矿床的研究表明,隐伏金属矿体地表沉积物中上升气流微粒样品有单个微粒和微粒聚合体,单个微粒形态有球状、近球状、不规则状、规则多边形、长柱状,微粒有晶质、非晶质和部分晶质。聚合体形态一般是不规则状、球状和近球状。它们的矿物成分主要有自然Au、自然Cu、氯化物、氧化物、硫酸盐、氢氧化物等。成矿元素Au、Cu可以自然金属或自然合金形式存在,Cu、Pb、Zn等成矿元素可以氧化物或硫酸盐等形式存在,也可以存在于氧化物、氢氧化物、氯化物、硫酸盐等微粒中作为杂质元素,这些是隐伏金属矿体的指示微粒。成矿期后,与隐伏金属矿体有关微粒主要形成于断层作用、氧化作用和生物作用。在上升气流中,微粒呈“布朗运动”。     

Brief Account of Breakwater Construction in China

-The construction of breakwaters in China in more than 40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China is reviewed. The construction of two main types of breakwater, upright breakwaters and rubble mound breakwaters, and the way in which they are built are expounded. Recommendations to improve the technology for future breakwater construction are presented.     

Evolution of the Yunkai Terrane, South China: Evidence from SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating, geochemistry and Nd isotope

The Yunkai Terrane is one of the most important pre-Devonian areas of metamorphosed supracrustal and granitic basement rocks in the Cathaysia Block of South China. The supracrustal rocks are mainly schist, slate and phyllite, with local paragneiss, granulite, amphibolite and marble, with metamorphic grades ranging from greenschist to granulite facies. Largely on the basis of metamorphic grade, they were previously divided into the Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic Gaozhou Complex, the early Neoproterozoic Yunkai ‘Group’ and early Palaeozoic sediments. Granitic rocks were considered to be Meso- and Neoproterozoic, or early Palaeozoic in age. In this study, four meta-sedimentary rock samples, two each from the Yunkai ‘Group’ and Gaozhou Complex, together with three granite samples, record metamorphic and magmatic zircon ages of 443–430 Ma (Silurian), with many inherited and detrital zircons with the ages mainly ranging from 1.1 to 0.8 Ga, although zircons with Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic ages have also been identified in several of the samples. A high-grade sillimanite–garnet–cordierite gneiss contains 242 Ma metamorphic zircons, as well as 440 Ma ones. Three of the meta-sedimentary rocks show large variations in major element compositions, but have similar REE patterns, and have t_DM model ages of 2.17–1.91 Ga and ε_Nd (440 Ma) values of −13.4 to −10.0. Granites range in composition from monzogranite to syenogranite and record t_DM model ages of 2.13–1.42 Ga and ε_Nd (440 Ma) values of −8.4 to −1.2. It is concluded that the Yunkai ‘Group’ and Gaozhou Complex formed coevally in the late Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic, probably at the same time as weakly to un-metamorphosed early Palaeozoic sediments in the area. Based on the detrital zircon population, the source area contained Meso- to Neoproterozoic rocks, with some Archaean material. Palaeozoic tectonothermal events and zircon growth in the Yunkai Terrane can be correlated with events of similar age and character known throughout the Cathaysia Block. The lack of evidence for Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic rocks at Yunkai, as stated in earlier publications, means that revision of the basement geology of Cathaysia is necessary.     

内蒙古盐湖沉积物中YoungerDryas的确认及其重要意义

通过对内蒙古盐湖沉积物同位素、元素地球化学、古地磁、古生物、沉积岩石学等大量第一手资料的研究证实，中国内蒙古地区存在ＹｏｕｎｇｅｒＤｒｙａｓ气候期。所获之研究成果以其Ｙ．Ｄ．的高分辨率、冷湿型、持续时间、温度范围等属性特征而获得国内外的确认，这对更新世和全新世的划分及推动第四纪环境地质研究均具有重要意义     

厦门港试验浮筏污损生物的群落

1989年6月至1990年5月在厦门港防污、防锈试验的浮筏群进行了周年的污损生物挂板。记录了90种生物,其中网纹藤壶、泥藤壶、僧帽牡蛎、翡翠贻贝、中胚花筒螅、太平洋侧花海葵、厦门膜孔苔虫和多种端足类是优势种。全年都有生物附着,夏、秋和冬、春季的优势种有显著的不同。附着量较大,夏季3个月的湿重生物量高达22.7kg/m~2。这个结果可为防污、防锈试验提供较确切的生物学依据。     

关于抗浮设防水位及浮力计算问题的分析讨论

参阅了近10年来国内11篇文献和2本专著中有关抗浮问题和地下水渗流问题的论述,对抗浮设防水位的确定和浮力的计算问题提出看法和建议。     

深圳西海岸填海区软土工程特性差异分析及处理方法建议

通过对深圳西海岸多个工程项目勘察资料分析和对比,区内软土在不同沉积环境中,其物理力学性质指标和抗剪强度等工程特性存在差异,按工程地质分区进行统计,并结合以往海隔堤修筑和软基处理工程经验,提出处理建议,对该区填海造陆软基处理具有一定指导性意义。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Mafic Dikes from Hainan Island and Tectonic Implications

Abstract: In the present study, the major and trace element compositions, as well as Sr, Nd isotopic compositions and K-Ar age data in mafic dikes from Hainan Island, China, have been analyzed. Whole-rock K-Ar dating yielded a magmatic duration of 61–98 Ma for mafic dikes. Mafic dikes have a very high concentration of incompatible elements, for example, Ba, Rb, Sr, K, rare earth elements, and especially light rare earth elements (LREE), and negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, and Ti in the normalized trace element patterns. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εSr(t) of the mafic dikes are 0.70634–0.71193 and +27.7 to +112.2, respectively. In the 87Sr/86Sr versus εNd(t) diagram, the Hainan Island mafic dikes plot between fields for depleted mantle and enriched mantle type 2. All these characteristics show that the mantle (source region) of mafic dikes in this area experienced metasomatism by fluids relatively enriched in LREE and large ion lithophile elements. The genesis of Hainan Island mafic dikes is explained as a result of the mixing of asthenospheric mantle with lithospheric mantle that experienced metasomatism by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. This is different from the Hainan Island Cenozoic basalts mainly derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle, and possibly, minor metasomatised lithospheric mantle. This study suggests that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic lithospheric revolutions in Hainan Island can be divided into three stages: (1) the compression orogenesis stage before 98 Ma. The dominant factor during this stage is the subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate beneath this area. The lithospheric mantle changed into enriched mantle type 2 by metasomatism; (2) the thinning and extension stage during 61–98 Ma. The dominant factor during this stage is that the asthenospheric mantle invaded and corroded the lithospheric mantle; and (3) the large-scale thinning and extension stage after 61 Ma. The large-scale asthenospheric upwelling results in the strong erupting of Cenozoic basalts, large-scale thinning of the lithosphere, the southward translating and counterclockwise rotating of Hainan Island, and the opening of the South China Sea.     

广东省金属矿床成矿系列及成矿历史演化

广东省金属矿床划分为５个矿床成矿系列,分别论述各成矿系列的基本特征和主要成矿元素在地质历史中的演化特点,并分析了区域成矿物质来源和成矿演化与区域变质作用、重熔岩浆活动、构造演化的关系。     

中国东南部中一新生代地球动力学背景若干问题的探讨

近年来，有关中国东南部中新生代地球动力学背景的研究已取得了重要的进展，主要体现在：地幔性质、岩石圈减薄、岩石圈伸展和构造背景四个方面。研究表明，中国东南部中新生代的地幔性质主体是亏损地幔和EMⅢ型富集地幔混合，中生代以富集地幔为主，而新生代主体为亏损地幔。中国东南部晚中生代经历了岩石圈减薄，并伴生了玄武质底侵作用，具有较为复杂的岩石圈增生～减薄过程。大量事实表明中国东南部中新生代存在多期岩石圈伸展事件，侏罗纪存在局部岩石圈伸展，主要集中于内陆地区，白垩纪经历了区域性岩石圈伸展。近二十年来，中国东南部大规模岩浆的构造背景一直存在着争论，焦点在于太平洋俯冲对中国东南部产生什么的影响。从目前已有的资料来看，白垩纪地幔源区受到太平洋俯冲的影响，太平洋俯冲和玄武质岩浆底侵诱发了地壳加厚，岩石圈拆沉和软流圈上涌而导致岩石圈伸展是中国东南部主要构造背景。但是，中国东南部晚中生代以来的岩石圈伸展—减薄及其深部动力学机制是目前急需进一步深入探讨的问题。