Meteoric fluid‐rock interaction in Variscan shear zones

Variscan shear zones in the Armorican Massif represent sites of strong fluid‐rock interaction. The hydrogen isotope composition of muscovite (δD_Ms) from syntectonic leucogranite allows to determine the source of fluids that infiltrated the footwall of three detachment zones and the South Armorican Shear Zone. Using temperatures of hydrogen isotope exchange estimated from microstructural data, we calculate the hydrogen isotope ratios of water (δD_water) present within the shear zones during high‐temperature deformation. A ~40‰ difference in δD_water values from deep to shallow crustal level reveals a mixing relationship between deep crustal fluids with higher δD values that range from ?34 to ?33‰, and meteoric fluids with δD values as low as ?74‰ in the upper part of detachment footwalls.     

Spatio-temporal evolution of urban innovation structure based on zip code geodatabase: An empirical study from Shanghai and Beijing

In today’s world, the innovation of science and technology has become the key support for improving comprehensive national strength and changing the mode of social production and lifestyle. The country that possesses world-class scientific and technological innovation cities maximizes the attraction of global innovation factors and wins a strategic initiative in international competition. Based on the urban zip code geodatabase, an evaluation system of urban innovation with the perspective of innovation outputs, and the spatial evolutionary mode, concerning the structure of innovation space of Shanghai and Beijing from 1991 to 2014, was developed. The results of the research indicated that the zip code geodatabase provided a new perspective for studying the evolving spatial structure of urban innovation. The resulting evaluation of the spatial structure of urban innovation using the urban zip code geodatabase established by connecting random edge points, was relatively effective. The study illustrates the value of this methodology. During the study period, the spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing demonstrated many common features: with the increase in urban space units participating in innovation year by year, the overall gap of regional innovation outputs has narrowed, and the trend towards spatial agglomeration has strengthened. The evolving spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing demonstrated differences between the common features during the 25 years as well: in the trend towards the suburbanization of innovation resources, the spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai evolved from a single-core to a multi-core structure. A radiation effect related to traffic arteries as spatial diffusion corridors was prominent. Accordingly, a spatial correlation effect of its innovation outputs also indicated a hollowness in the city center; the spatial structure of innovation of Beijing had a single-core oriented structure all the way. Together with the tendency for innovation resources to be agglomerated in the city center, the spatial correlation effect of innovation outputs reflected the characteristics of the evolutionary feature where “rural area encircles cities”. The innovation spatial structure of Shanghai and Beijing have intrinsic consistency with the spatial structure of their respective regions (Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region), which suggested that the principle of proportional and disproportional distribution of a city-scale pattern of technological and innovational activities is closely related to its regional innovation pattern.     

Ecology of estuarine bacteria capable of causing human disease: A review

Certain bacteria indigenous to estuaries are capable of acting as opportunistic pathogens of humans. While it is sometimes difficult to prove that a given bacterium is a bona fide inhabitant of the estuary from which it was isolated, it is even more difficult to describe the niche of that bacterial species. This statement applies to all estuarine bacteria, including opportunistic human pathogens. On the other hand, much has been learned about the pathogenic attributes of bacteria that cause human disease, including genetic control mechanisms for virulence factors. The focus of this review is to put into perspective current knowledge of the ecology of those estuarine bacteria that can inhabit both estuaries and humans. Particular attention is paid to those attributes that allow these bacteria to exist in and move between estuaries and the human body. Genera covered includeAcinetobacter, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Klebsiella, Legionella, Listeria, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, andVibrio, and the conclusion reached is that much remains to be learned about the estuarine ecology of these important bacteria.     

The South-East Karst Province of South Australia

The South-East Karst Province of South Australia is an extensive area of low relief with dolines, cenotes, uvalas, and a variety of cave types developed in the soft, porous, flat-lying Tertiary Gambier Limestone and also as syngenetic karst in the overlying calcarenite dunes of the Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation. The most spectacular surface karst features are the large collapse dolines, especially those that extend below the water table to form cenotes. Shallow swampy hollows occur in superficial Quaternary sediments. These are an enigmatic feature of the Bool Region, where all gradations appear to occur between definite karst dolines and nonkarstic hollows. Some depressions may be polygenetic—involving a combination of: (1) primary depositional hollows on coastal flats or in dune fields, (2) deflation, and (3) karst solution and subsidence. There are extensive underwater cave systems in the southern part of the province, and the bulk of the cave development there may well lie below the present water table, although these systems would have been at least partly drained during the lower sea levels of the last glacial period. Systematic variations within the province reflect differences in the parent rock types, the extent and nature of the cover and, most importantly, the hydrology—in particular the depth to the water table and its gradient.     

An automatic data processing system for storage and manipulation of life history,catch, and angler effort data

Responding to a need created by voluminous collections of fish life history, catch and angler effort information, a computerized information management system was developed at the National Marine Fisheries Service laboratory in Beaufort, N.C. for use on an IBM Model 360/65 Computing System. The management system incorporates sequential data storage on disks, analytic programs written in IBM FORTRAN IV, and editing/updating programs written in American National Standard COBOL. The file creation procedure utilizes single or multiple card entry records to generate a single master record. Analytic programs generate arrays displaying fish weights and simple statistics, length-frequency distributions, catch curves, back-calculated fish lengths per annulus, back-calculated length frequency distributions, percentages sexually mature, reproductive condition, age at sexual maturity (using gonad index), occurrence and abundance.     

The First Recorded Occurrences and the Distribution of Physalia physalis (Hydrozoa: Physaliidae) in Algerian Waters

Ocean Science Journal - Recently, there have been recorded findings of the pleustonic siphonophore Physalia physalis Linnæus, 1758, in different regions of Algeria. Several colonies washed...     

Implications for unified schemes from submillimetre and far-infrared follow-up of radio-selected samples

We extend our previous analysis which used generalized luminosity functions (GLFs) to predict the number of quasars and galaxies in low-radio-frequency-selected samples as a function of redshift, radio luminosity, narrow-emission-line luminosity and type of unified scheme. Our extended analysis incorporates the observed submillimetre (850-μm) flux densities of radio sources, employs a new method which allows us to deal with non-detections, and focuses on the high-luminosity population. First, we conclude that the submillimetre luminosity L ₈₅₀ of low-frequency-selected radio sources is correlated with the bolometric luminosity L _bol of their quasar nuclei via an approximate scaling relation   L ₈₅₀∝ L ^0.7±0.2_bol  . Secondly, we conclude that there is quantitative evidence for a receding-torus-like physical process for the high-luminosity population within a two-population unified scheme for radio sources; this evidence comes from the fact that radio quasars are brighter in both narrow emission lines and submillimetre luminosity than radio galaxies matched in radio luminosity and redshift. Thirdly, we note that the combination of a receding-torus-like scheme and the assumption that the observed submillimetre emission is dominated by quasar-heated dust yields a scaling relation   L ₈₅₀∝ L ^1/2_bol  which is within the errors of that determined here for radio-selected quasars, and consistent with that inferred for radio-quiet quasars.     

Radio-continuum study of the Nearby sculptor group galaxies. Part 1: NGC 300 at λ=20 cm

A series of new radio-continuum (λ=20 cm) mosaic images focused on the NGC?300 galactic system were produced using archived observational data from the VLA and/or ATCA. These new images are both very sensitive (rms?=60 μJy) and feature high angular resolution (<10?″). The most prominent new feature is the galaxy’s extended radio-continuum emission, which does not match its optical appearance. Using these newly created images a number of previously unidentified discrete sources have been discovered. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a joint deconvolution approach to imaging this complete data-set is inferior when compared to an immerge approach.     

THE INTERPRETATION AND MAPPING OF VEGETATION AND OTHER GROUND SURFACE FEATURES FROM AIR PHOTOGRAPHS OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN NORTH WALES

The paper describes work undertaken in North Wales in 1967 and 1968 in which panchromatic and colour air photographs were used in the mapping of vegetation and in the study of other ground surface features. The problems of relating a priori classification schemes to the categories distinguished by air photo-interpretation are discussed and the case stated for developing classifications which enable more benefit to be derived from the advantages of air photo-ecology.