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Angelo Camerlenghi Daniela Accettella Sergio Costa Galderic Lastras Juan Acosta Miquel Canals Nigel Wardell 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(4):735-750
We present the seafloor morphology and shallow seismic structure of the continental slope south-east of the Balearic promontory
and of the adjacent Algero-Balearic abyssal plain from multibeam and chirp sonar data. The main purpose of this research was
to identify the sediment pathways from the Balearic promontory to the Algero-Balearic deep basin from the Early Pliocene to
the Present. The morphology of the southern Balearic margin is controlled by a SW–NE structural trend, whose main expressions
are the Emile Baudot Escarpment transform fault, and a newly discovered WSW–ENE trend that affects the SW end of the escarpment
and the abyssal plain. We relate the two structural trends to right-lateral simple shear as a consequence of the Miocene westward
migration of the Gibraltar Arc. Newly discovered steep and narrow volcanic ridges were probably enabled to grow by local transtension
along the transform margin. Abyssal plain knolls and seahills relate to the subsurface deformation of early stage halokinetic
structures such as salt rollers, salt anticlines, and salt pillows. The limited thickness of the overburden and the limited
amount of deformation in the deep basin prevent the formation of more mature halokinetic structures such as diapirs, salt
walls, bulbs, and salt extrusions. The uppermost sediment cover is affected by a dense pattern of sub-vertical small throw
normal faults resulting from extensional stress induced in the overburden by subsurface salt deformation structures. Shallow
gas seismic character and the possible presence of an active polygonal fault system suggest upward fluid migration and fluid
and sediment expulsion at the seafloor through a probable mud volcano and other piercement structures. One large debris flow
deposit, named Formentera Debris Flow, has been identified on the lower slope and rise of the south Formentera margin. Based
on current observations, we hypothesize that the landslide originating the Formentera Debris Flow occurred in the Holocene,
perhaps in historical times.
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Angelo CamerlenghiEmail: |
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