Population development in Greater Santiago between 1970 and 1982: an analysis of district census results

"An attempt is made in the light of an analysis of population changes occurring in several sub-districts of Greater Santiago in the period between the last population censuses of 1970 and 1982, based on small-area census units (distritos and communas) to draw attention to the effects on the spatial growth of the city resulting from changed conditions in the political and juridical sphere since the change of power in 1973." The effect of changes in government policy concerning the liberalization of the property market and the illegal occupation of land are noted. (summary in ENG)     

Variations of antioxidant efficiency and presence of endosymbiotic diatoms in the Antarctic porifera Haliclona dancoi

The role of endosymbiotic diatoms as pro-oxidant stressors in porifera has been investigated in the Antarctic sponge Haliclona dancoi in which the presence of diatoms is influenced by marked seasonal variations during the austral summer. Both chlorophaeopigments and frustules were absent in sponge tissues sampled in early November at the beginning of the summer and increased from the mid of December with slightly shifted temporal trends. The efficiency of antioxidant defenses in the sponge showed a marked response to symbionts with clearly enhanced values corresponding to the peak of diatoms.     

Different cardiac response to copper in limpets from metal polluted and clean shores of Hong Kong

The gastropod limpet, Cellana grata, is common on moderately exposed to exposed Hong Kong rocky shores. On the basis of the existing literature on trace metal contamination in Hong Kong, four sites were identified, representative of highly polluted (Aberdeen and Lei Yue Mun) and clean (Cape d'Aguilar and Clear Water Bay) conditions. Limpets from the two polluted sites showed similar, but significantly higher body concentrations of copper than limpets from the two clean sites, which were also similar. Non-invasive measurements of cardiac activity of limpets from the four sites showed between site differences in baseline heart rates under standard seawater, irrespective of pollution level. When acutely exposed to water borne copper (2 h, 0.5+/-0.06 SD ppm), however, limpets from clean sites showed a significantly higher increase in inter-beating time (bradycardia) than those from polluted sites. These results highlight the potential use of cardiac activity to assess the exposure of natural populations of limpets to trace metal pollution.     

Residues of 14C-4n-nonylphenol in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) oocytes and embryos during dietary exposure of mature females to this xenohormone

In order to assess in fish the maternal transfer of alkylphenolic compounds to the progeny, the identification and quantification of the labelled compounds present in oocytes and embryos was conducted after dietary exposure of mature female mosquitofish to 14C-4n-nonylphenol during vitellogenesis and embryogenesis respectively. Radioactivity found in bile and liver extracts accounted for 0.9-0.6 and 0.2-0.1% of ingested radioactivity for females exposed during vitellogenesis and embryogenesis respectively. The amount of extractable radioactivity present in oocytes and embryos was 0.19 and 0.07% of the ingested dose respectively. The radio-HPLC profiles obtained from bile, liver, oocyte and embryo extracts were similar. They showed the presence of 4n-NP-glucuronide as the major metabolite and traces of unchanged 4n-NP. The other metabolites corresponded to 8-hydroxynonylphenol, 9-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-nonanoic acid and para-hydroxybenzoic acid which is the final product of the alkyl chain oxidation. Our results indicate that exposure of ovoviviparous female fish to 4-NP during vitellogenesis and embryogenesis leads to the contamination of the progeny by 4-NP and its metabolites.     

一种新型的米辛尼亚期（Messinian）的复合微生物岩丘建造

在Salemi（西西里西部）附近的米辛尼亚期沉积岩中，我们对一种新型的以米为单位的复合补丁礁进行了描述．其建造由两个截然不同的部分组成：（1）陡倾穹隆状微生物岩丘夹凝块叠层石和结壳状生物；（2）覆盖在微生物岩五上的珊瑚一微生物建造，其中珊瑚群体为微生物岩石所覆盖（这些微生物岩石与各种各样的结壳生物有关）．微生物岩丘的增生作用是葡萄状集合体的发育、畚箕藻骨骼、结完状有孔虫、苔鲜动物、龙介虫和已胶结双壳类的堆积结果．正如地中海中其它类似的米辛尼亚期生物建造，不同部分复合微生物岩丘建造的增生过程似乎是均一的…     

Marine mammals from northeast Atlantic: relationship between their trophic status as determined by delta13C and delta15N measurements and their trace metal concentrations

The relationship between trophic position through delta13C and delta15N and trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Cu and Hg) was investigated in the tissues of six marine mammal species from the Northeast Atlantic: striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus, harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, white beaked-dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris, grey seal Halichoerus grypus stranded on French Channel and Irish coasts. White-beaked dolphins, harbour porpoises, white-sided dolphins, common and striped dolphins display the same relative and decreasing trophic position, as measured by delta15N values, along both the Irish and French channel coasts, reflecting conservative trophic habits between these two places. Hepatic and renal Cd concentrations were significantly correlated to muscle delta13C and delta15N values while Hg, Zn and Cu did not. These results suggest that Cd accumulation is partly linked to the diet while other factors such as age or body condition might explain Hg, Zn or Cu variability in marine mammals. Combined stable isotope and trace metal analyses appear to be useful tools for the study of marine mammal ecology.     

Selenium contamination in the Colorado River Basin, western USA： Remediation by leaching and nanof＇dtration membranes

Selenium （Se） is an essential micronutrient to biota, but can become a potent toxicant at elevated concentrations. The natural sources and chemical properties of Se species make the boundary between deficiency and toxicity narrow for some biota, with both phenomena common around the globe. Large areas of farmland in the Colorado River Basin （CRB） generate salinized drainage water with Se concentrations much higher than 5 μg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic water-quality criterion for the protection of aquatic life. We have carried out detailed field and laboratory studies to investigate Se geochemistry and remediation in two of these areas： the Middle Green River Basin, Utah and the Salton Sea Basin, California, located respectively in the Upper and Lower CRB. Results from these and other studies show that approximately 90% of the dissolved Se in the Colorado River and its tributaries originally is derived from the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale and equivalent pyritic marine units that outcrop in the Upper CRB. Selenium is mobilized commonly by biogeochemical oxidation of this pyritic shale and is concentrated mainly as selenate （SeO4^2-） in soils and agricultural drainage water of dry climates by evaporation. Minor （0%-5%） amounts of Se are present as the selenite species （HSeO3^-） and （SEO3^2-）, but these species and the more reduced species, elemental Se （SeO） and selenide （Se^2-）, have much lower solubility and/or have high sorptive affinity towards organic matter, clay minerals and iron oxyhydroxides. The concentration of dissolved Se （-2.5 μg/L） and salinity in the Lower Colorado River water are among the highest of the world major rivers. Because of low precipitation （7 cm/a） and extreme evapotranspiration （-1.8 m/a） rates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, Se values in irrigation water imported from the Colorado River increase to 〉300 μg/L in drainage wastewater. Removal of Se from contaminated wastewater by nanofiltration membranes was demonstrated in laboratory and pilot-scale field experiments.     

航空重力确定大地水准面的研究

随着近年来航空重力的发展,航空重力数据的精度和分辨率不断提高,其精度可达1 mGal,分辨率可达10km,这使得用航空重力数据计算精密大地水准面成为可能。本研究介绍利用满足一定条件的稳定、精确的航空重力数据计算大地水准面的一种新途径。它根据布隆公式,分离大地水准面与参考椭球,把航空重力观测值转换为大地水准面上的重力位,从而确定大地水准面。其具体步骤如下: 1.对重力扰动观测数据进行低通滤波,除去高频观测噪声; 2.利用全球重力场模型从低通滤波的重力     

马沙布如姆峰南坡及上胡沙河谷的地质(喀啦昆仑—中亚西亚)

1　前　　言已工作的地区和目的:胡沙河谷位于马沙布如姆山峰(7921m)S-SE方向约45km。从沙约克河谷(印度盆地)汇合处约7km联结萨特如河谷。萨特如河在与胡沙河交汇之前曾急遽转弯,所以,最后的一条支流看起来是胡沙河谷的直接延续物。胡沙河的全部水系盆地位于北纬35°15′—35°40′和东经76°10′—76°35′之间。本次工作的主要目的是:收集胡沙与马沙布如姆河谷地质和岩石的新资料。事实上,在L.巴尔布秀领导下,阿布鲁齐地质工作者的探险是企图征服K6山口,由D.亚历山大采集了55块标本,那些标本后来由米兰大学的E.G.曼辛尼进行过研究1。…     

用超声波偶极测井资料作各向异性测定的研究

本文阐述了三种用偶极测井资料分析各向异性的方法，并将三种方法应用于超声波偶极测井资料，它们以各种异性介质中弯曲波的分裂现象和那些类似于ＶＳＰ数据处理中得到的技术为基础。实验室测定的偶极数据被用来模拟弯曲波在横向各向同性地层中的传播。并被用来检测和比较上述三种方法。实验室数据的振幅和质点运动分析表明；只有快弯曲波的极横向各向同性介质的快波主方向一致。慢波比快波容易激发得多，振幅也强很多，但易受干扰并