全文获取类型
收费全文 | 995篇 |
免费 | 61篇 |
国内免费 | 59篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 28篇 |
大气科学 | 116篇 |
地球物理 | 176篇 |
地质学 | 479篇 |
海洋学 | 87篇 |
天文学 | 130篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
自然地理 | 85篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 24篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 44篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 74篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 56篇 |
2010年 | 47篇 |
2009年 | 62篇 |
2008年 | 43篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 57篇 |
2005年 | 39篇 |
2004年 | 39篇 |
2003年 | 28篇 |
2002年 | 39篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1115条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
The ordinary kriging method, a geostatistical interpolation technique, was applied for developing contour maps of design storm depth in northern Taiwan using intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) data. Results of variogram modelling on design storm depths indicate that the design storms can be categorized into two distinct storm types: (i) storms of short duration and high spatial variation and (ii) storms of long duration and less spatial variation. For storms of the first category, the influence range of rainfall depth decreases when the recurrence interval increases, owing to the increasing degree of their spatial independence. However, for storms of the second category, the influence range of rainfall depth does not change significantly and has an average of approximately 72 km. For very extreme events, such as events of short duration and long recurrence interval, we do not recommend usage of the established design storm contours, because most of the interstation distances exceed the influence ranges. Our study concludes that the influence range of the design storm depth is dependent on the design duration and recurrence interval and is a key factor in developing design storm contours. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Continuous wavelet analyses of hourly time series of air temperature, stream discharge, and precipitation are used to compare the seasonal and inter‐annual variability in hydrological regimes of the two principal streams feeding Bow Lake, Banff National Park, Alberta: the glacial stream draining the Wapta Icefields, and the snowmelt‐fed Bow River. The goal is to understand how water sources and flow routing differ between the two catchments. Wavelet spectra and cross‐wavelet spectra were determined for air temperature and discharge from the two streams for summers (June–September) 1997–2000, and for rainfall and discharge for the summers of 1999 and 2000. The diurnal signal of the glacial runoff was orders of magnitude higher in 1998 than in other years, indicating that significant ice exposure and the development of channelized glacial drainage occurred as a result of the 1997–98 El Niño conditions. Early retreat of the snowpack in 1997 and 1998 led to a significant summer‐long input of melt runoff from a small area of ice cover in the Bow River catchment; but such inputs were not apparent in 1999 and 2000, when snow cover was more extensive. Rainfall had a stronger influence on runoff and followed quicker flow paths in the Bow River catchment than in the glacial catchment. Snowpack thickness and catchment size were the primary controls on the phase relationship between temperature and discharge at diurnal time scales. Wavelet analysis is a fast and effective means to characterize runoff, temperature, and precipitation regimes and their interrelationships and inter‐annual variability. The technique is effective at identifying inter‐annual and seasonal changes in the relative contributions of different water sources to runoff, and changes in the time required for routing of diurnal meltwater pulses through a catchment. However, it is less effective at identifying changes/differences in the type of the flow routing (e.g. overland flow versus through flow) between or within catchments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study magmatic crystals in the Ben
Lomond rhyolite lava dome, Taupo Volcanic Center, New Zealand. Using TEM and SEM to investigate the size distributions of
these crystals, we identified three size populations: microphenocrysts (>1.2 μm wide), microlites (>0.6 μm wide), and smaller
crystals (<0.6 μm wide) which we term "nanolites". The predominant mineral phases of the microlites and nanolites are augites,
pigeonites, and hypersthenes. The compositions and microstructures within these pyroxenes indicate disequilibrium crystallization
at approximately 850–900 °C and undercoolings as high as 300 °C from equilibrium crystallization temperatures. Complex microstructures
resulting from subsolidus reactions in augite and pigeonite are consistent with moderate cooling rates within the upper obsidian
layer of the Ben Lomond rhyolite dome. This study demonstrates the existence of sub-micron magmatic crystals in a rhyolite
and illustrates the potential of TEM to provide unique information about the crystallization and cooling histories of glassy
volcanic rocks.
Received: May 8, 1995 / Accepted: November 27, 1995 相似文献
4.
This paper provides an analysis of some current trends in political ecology and then illustrates the intermingling of politics and ecology using a case study of the exploitation and conservation of Prunus africana in Cameroon. It argues that political ecology is still a lively field, but that some recent attempts to chart a way forward for this perspective risk shifting it away from its liminal position in relation to natural and social science by being disinclined to engage with ecological processes. The case study draws attention to the strengths and shortcomings in existing attempts to weave political and economic analysis into environmental debates over the sustainable management of this tree species, which has been incorporated into phytomedical markets in Europe. The fortunes of the tree reflect its botany and ecology as well as the trajectories of the local economy, intercontinental markets for alternative health products, the policies and practices of the Cameroonian state and the politics of international aid. 相似文献
5.
6.
Si K- and L-edge ELNES spectroscopy and multiple-scattering (MS) calculations are used to examine mixed Si coordination compounds
varying in SiVI:SiIV ratio. As in previous studies, the edges are influenced mainly by silicon coordination (tetrahedral vs. octahedral), as supported
by the MS calculations. We demonstrate two methods semi-quantitatively to extract the value of SiVI/(SiVI+SiIV): (1) A linear relationship between the L2,3-L1 splitting and SiVI/(SiVI+SiIV) is observed, (2) a fitting method based on the coaddition of reference tetrahedral and octahedral Si spectra is applied
to both Si K- and L-edge ELNES spectra.
Received: February 10, 1997 / Revised, accepted: May 23, 1997 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
The Tongyu copper deposit, located in the western part of the North Qinling Orogen, China, is one of several volcanic-hosted massive sulphide(VHMS) deposits with industrial value and is also a typical example of mineralization related to the subduction and metallogenesis during the Caledonian orogeny. We conducted systematic lead-sulphur isotope geochemical analyses of the Tongyu deposit to understand the possible ore-forming material sources and tectonic settings. Twenty-six sulphide samples yielded clustered δ~(34)S_(CDT) values of 1.13‰-3.36‰, average 2.22‰, and show a tower-type distribution,implying that the sulphur of the Tongyu copper deposit mainly originated from a mantle source. The Pb isotope compositions of sulphides(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb = 17.59225-18.56354, average 18.32020; ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.51770-15.69381, average 15.66217; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 37.99969-39.06953, average 38.52722) are close to the values of the volcanic host rocks(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb= 18.10678-18.26293, average 18.21158; ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.63196-15.68188, average 15.65345; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.43676-38.56360, average 38.49171), thus consistent with the Pb in ores and volcanic host rocks having been derived from a common source that was island-arc Pb related to oceanic crust subduction. The northward subduction of the Palaeo-Qinling oceanic crust triggered dehydration of the slab, which generated a large amount of high-oxygen-fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid. The fluid rose into the mantle wedge, activated and extracted metallogenic material and promoted partial melting of the mantle wedge. The magma and ore-forming fluid welled up and precipitated, finally forming the Tongyu VHMS copper deposit. 相似文献
10.
利用中尺度模式MM5对1999年6月下旬发生在长江中下游地区的一次锋上西南低涡发展的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了研究。通过敏感性试验, 探讨了低涡对锋强、 锋生的敏感性, 锋生、 锋消与低涡发展演变的时间空间上的联系等问题\.结果表明, 低涡对中层锋面强度的变化敏感, 中层锋强发生改变会导致整层涡度发生同位相的变化。中层系统对梅雨锋气旋的发展起主要作用, 中层锋面对低涡发展的影响比边界层锋更关键。中层锋面强度改变会激发出中低层的垂直次级环流, 低层的辐合上升运动发生改变, 最终影响到低涡强度的发展。敏感性试验证明, 锋面强度变化对低涡发展造成的影响有超前性, 中层锋面先发生变化, 6 h左右以后低涡强度发生改变。锋区强度和低涡强度发生变化的地理位置基本在同一经度上, 锋强变化的位置在涡强变化位置的北面。 相似文献