黑龙江省土壤元素有效量及其与农作物的关系初探

将区域地球化学资料应用于农业问题的研究，是扩大区域地球化学资料应用领域的重要方面之一。通过土壤中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ元素的全量、有效量、ｐＨ值、有机质与作物产量之间关系的研究，发现元素有效量与土壤中元素全量呈正相关，与ｐＨ值呈负相关，与有机质呈正相关，而作物产量与元素有效量呈正相关     

细菌源3-羟基脂肪酸作为环境变化代用指标的研究进展

细菌源3-羟基脂肪酸(C10-C18)作为环境变化指示指标具有良好的应用前景,但相关研究还很不系统,在海洋环境中的应用刚刚起步.3-羟基脂肪酸主要用于环境中pH和温度的重建,通过其支链比(异构和反异构3-羟基脂肪酸之和/正构3-羟基脂肪酸之和)与pH的显著正相关关系反演环境中的pH,通过其C15和C17同系物的反异构/...     

基于广义回归神经网络的全球表层海水1°×1°二氧化碳分压数据推演

表层海水二氧化碳分压是评估海洋碳源汇强度的关键参数,但其实测数据较少、时空分布极不均匀,导致二氧化碳交换通量的估算有很大的不确定性,海洋源汇特征就不能确切获取。为了解决这个难题,在收集的表层大洋二氧化碳地图(Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas,SOCAT)实测数据集基础上,运用广义回归神经网络建立二氧化碳分压与经纬度、时间、温度、盐度和叶绿素浓度间的非线性关系,构建了1998-2018年间全球1°×1°经纬度的表层海水二氧化碳分压格点数据,其标准误差为16.93μatm,平均相对误差为2.97%,优于现有研究中的前反馈神经网络、自组织映射神经网络和机器学习算法等方法。根据构建的数据所绘制的全球表层海水二氧化碳分压的分布与现有研究有较好的一致性。     

pCO2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.     

中国海洋生物地球化学过程研究的最新进展

海洋是全球生态系统的重要组成部分,在地球系统中,其与大气、陆地紧密联系在一起,在调节全球气候等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。全球变化引起的海洋变化十分明显,现在已经能够观测到海洋的大尺度物理、化学和生物特征的变化,其中海洋食物链结构、海岸带富营养化和珊瑚礁退化最为     

胶州湾沉积物中氮与磷的来源及其生物地球化学特征

通过对比分析和相关分析对沉积物中氮、磷含量、OC∶TN、TN∶TP进行了研究,探讨了胶州湾沉积物中氮、磷的来源及其生物地球化学特征.研究表明,胶州湾表层沉积物中总氮、总磷的变化趋势一致,即从湾内到湾外含量依次降低,其中总氮依次为0.41、0.25、0.20mg/g,总磷的含量依次为0.29、0.24、0.22mg/g.在整个柱状样中总氮、总磷平均含量的变化也和表层基本一致,有机氮在大部分层次占总氮的50%-70%,无机磷所占总磷的比例一般大于60%.根据沉积物OC∶TN比、氮、磷的垂直分布可以判断湾内和湾口沉积物中的氮主要是陆源的,海洋自生的氮分别占28.9%和13.1%,湾外的氮主要是自生的,海洋自生的氮占62.1%.与氮相比,磷主要是陆源的,但在湾外海洋自生磷的比例明显高于湾内.悬浮颗粒物的组成也证明了湾内沉积物中氮、磷主要是陆源的.沉积物中OC∶TN值的垂直变化也反映了近年来胶州湾物质来源的变化特征,即河流来沙急剧减少,沿岸倾倒垃圾不断增多,后者已经取代前者成为胶州湾主要的沉积物来源.另外,沉积物中TN和TN∶TP的垂直变化也和近年来胶州湾水体中营养盐含量的变化相一致.胶州湾不同地区氮、磷的沉积通量相差很大,湾口的沉积通量最大,而湾外的沉积通量最小;在表层沉积物中,氮的矿化速率高于磷,有机磷的矿化速率大于无机磷,但有机氮的矿化速率并不一定大于无机氮.OC、pH、Eh、Es等环境因素影响氮、磷的矿化,但在不同海区影响程度并不相同.     

Survey of estrogenic and androgenic disruption in Swedish coastal waters by the analysis of bile fluid from perch and biomarkers in the three-spined stickleback

The potential for endocrine disruption close to sewage treatment plant and pulp mill effluent discharge points along the Swedish Baltic Sea coast was explored using a dual survey strategy employing two stationary fish species. The levels of vitellogenin and spiggin as biomarkers of endocrine disruption were determined in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) together with the sex ratios and the presence of intersex. As an indication of exposure, estrogenic and androgenic substances were analysed by GC–MS in bile from perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). Spiggin and vitellogenin levels in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks were generally low, and, for most sampling sites no deviation in gonad type ratios were observed. No remarkable levels of natural or synthetic estrogens or androgens were observed in bile fluid from perch, while bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol were detected in perch from both reference sites and exposed sites. Taken together, the results did not indicate estrogenic or androgenic disruption in the investigated waters.     

Grain-size related nitrogen distribution in southern Yellow Sea surface sediments

Forty-eight surface sediments of the southern Yellow Sea are separated into three grain-size fractions. Four forms of extractable nitrogen (nitrogen in ion-exchangeable form (Nie), nitrogen in weak-acid extractable form (Nwa), nitrogen in strong-alkali extractable form (Nsa) and nitrogen in strong-oxidant form (N50))are obtained by the sequential extraction. The results show that the contents and the distributions of the extractable nitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments are closely related to sediment grain size. The distributions ofNie, Nso and total nitrogen (TN) present positive correlations with fine particles content, while Nwa and Nsa does not have such correlation. The net contents of all the forms of nitrogen increase with sediment grain size finer.     

长江口沉积物-水界面砷的迁移转化机制与微生物调控分析

为探析长江口沉积物-水界面砷的迁移转化机制,本文分析了2019年夏季长江口4个站位上覆水和间隙水中总As浓度及形态的剖面变化特征,耦合氧化还原敏感元素(Fe、Mn和S)的剖面变化剖析了沉积物-水界面砷循环的Fe-Mn-S控制机制,同时结合砷相关功能基因探讨了沉积物-水界面砷迁移转化的微生物调控过程,估算了沉积物-水界面总As的扩散通量。结果表明,除A7-4站位外,长江口其他3个站位间隙水总As以As³⁺为主要存在形态,且总As浓度均在上覆水中为最低值(0.748~1.57 μg·L^-1),而在间隙水中随着深度增加而逐渐增加并在6~9 cm深度达到峰值(7.14~26.9 μg·L^-1)。间隙水总As及As³⁺浓度的剖面变化趋势与溶解态Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺相似,其均在中间层出现高值,说明沉积物Fe/Mn还原带砷的释放可能是随固相Fe(Ⅲ)或Mn(Ⅳ)的还原而转移到间隙水中的。氧化层和Fe/Mn还原带过渡区间隙水砷浓度与砷异化还原菌功能基因arrA和arsC丰度存在对应关系(除A1-3站外),说明砷异化还原菌将溶解As⁵⁺或固相As⁵⁺还原为溶解As³⁺可能是该过渡层砷迁移转化的另一重要过程。硫酸盐还原带的间隙水总As和As³⁺浓度降低,但由于间隙水的低S^2-浓度不利于砷硫化物生成,因此深层间隙水砷可能与铁硫矿物结合而被移除。底层环境氧化还原条件是影响沉积物-水界面砷迁移转化的重要因素,随底层水DO浓度的降低,砷迁移转化更倾向于微生物还原控制。长江口沉积物-水界面总As的扩散通量为1.18×10^-7~2.07×10^-7 μmol·cm^-2·s^-1,均表现为沉积物间隙水中总As向上覆水释放,即沉积物是研究区域水体总As的来源之一。