An installation system of deepwater risers by an S-lay vessel

Along with the consumption increase of the petroleum products,more countries have transferred their attentions to the offshore fields,especially the deepwater oil and gas reserves.For deepwater exploitation,the risers must be installed to act as the conduits connecting surface platforms to subsea facilities.In this paper,the typical risers sorted by different classes are introduced,and the correspondent installation methods are presented.By investigating the recent projects performed in the deepwater hot spots,and combining the challenges of HYSY201 for riser installation,a lifting device developed for assisting riser installation is proposed and detailed to satisfy the installation of deepwater risers in the LW3-1 Gas Field of in the South China Sea.Tests on both the functions and performances of such a new system exhibit the satisfaction of meeting all challenging requirements of HYSY201 for application to riser installation in waters up to a depth of in the South China Sea.     

航道区碎石层对霍尔锚落锚条件下海底管道防护效果研究

航道中船舶抛锚作业使海底管道可能受意外撞击,造成管道局部损伤甚至失效,进而对油气生产安全和生态环境等造成重大危害。采用碎石层防护是航道区等海域海底管道最常用的防护手段。首先基于大比尺落锚模型试验,观测了霍尔锚下落贯入碎石的3个阶段及其贯入过程中管道的应力应变状态。通过建立光滑粒子流体动力学法（SPH）和有限元法（FEM）耦合的数值模型,针对实际不同吨位通航船舶常用的霍尔锚,研究了其贯入碎石层深度及埋设管道受力和凹陷变形规律。最后分析了不同锚质量、碎石层形状和厚度等因素下埋设管道的响应规律。结果表明：采用暗埋式碎石防护层有利于撞击能量吸收,能更好地防护海底管道受损;且采用3 m以上碎石防护层能有效保护海底管道抵抗各类实际常见霍尔锚的撞击损伤。     

西北干旱区河流与城镇分布耦合关系研究——以兰州、西宁地区为例

为研究西北干旱区河流与城镇分布的耦合关系,本文首先提取了兰州西宁地区的河流和城镇的位置信息,然后分析河流和城镇分布的相互位置关系,得出该研究区80％城镇依附着河流分布于河谷中,得出结论在西北地区这种干旱的自然环境下河流是影响城镇布局的重要因素.