高效铝合金牺牲阳极的研究

在铝中添加合金元素Zn,Mg,In,Ga,Ca,利用正交设计方法,研制出一种高效的铝合金牺牲阳极,它在海水中的电流效率达95.6％,电位为-1.09V(SCE)。并研究了合金元素In,Ga,Ca对铝合金电化学性能的影响及阳极活化机理。     

An Approach to Stability Analysis of Embedded Large-Diameter Cylinder Quay

The large-diameter cylinder structure, which is made of large successive bottomless cylinders placed on foundation bed or partly driven into soil, is a recently developed retaining structure in China. It can be used in port, coastal and off-shore works. The method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure, especially for stability analysis of the embedded large-diameter cylinder structure, is an important issue. In this paper, an idea is presented that is, em-bedded large-diameter cylinder quays can be divided into two types, i.e. the gravity wall type and the cylinder pile wall type. A method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is developed and a method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the gravity wall type is also proposed. The effect of sig-nificant parameters on the stability of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is investigated through numerical calculation.     

Sediment Transport in Rivers and Coastal Waters

Following Bagnold's approach, a relationship between sediment transport and energy dissipation is developed. The major assumption made in the study is that the near bed velocity plays a dominant role in the process of sediment transport. A general relationship between energy dissipation and sediment transport is first proposed. Then the equations for total sediment transport are derived by introducing the appropriate expression of energy dissipation rate under different conditions, such as open channel flows, combination of wave and current, as well as longshore sediment transport. Within the flows investigated, the derived relationships are fairly consistent with the available data over a wide range of conditions.     

Dynmnic Response Analysis for Embedded Large-Cylinder Breakwaters Under Wave Excitation

A numerical model is developed for dynamic analysis of large-cylinder breakwaters embedded in soft soil. In the model, the large cylinder is taken as a rigid body divided into elements and the soft soil is replaced by discrete 3D nonlinear spring-dashpot systems. The numerical model is used to simulate the dynamic response of a large-cylinder breakwater to breaking wave excitation. The effects of the dynamic stress-strain relationship models of the soil, the radius and embedded depth of the cylinder, the nonlinear behaviors of the soil, and the limit strength condition of the soil on the dynamic responses of the large-cylinder structure are investigated with an example given. It is indicated that the above-mentioned factors have significant effects on the dynamic responses of an embedded large cylinder breakwater under breaking wave excitation.     

1986—1988年黑潮的变异

对1986—1988年“向阳红09”号5个航次的黑潮调查及日本资料进行了分析,结果指出,这一期间黑潮又发生一次大弯曲现象。本文讨论了这次大弯曲的形成、强盛、衰消过程,认为东海PN断面的流量变异与黑潮大弯曲有一定联系,还对黑潮流量及流轴摆动均作了最大熵谱分析,获得其主要周期。     

晚太古代Sanukite（赞岐岩）与地球早期演化

Shirey and Hanson(1984)将某些太古代的高镁闪长岩套称为sanukite(赞岐岩),类似于日本中新世(11～15Ma)Setouchi火山岩带的高镁安山岩。Sanukitoids由闪长岩-二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组成,不同于TTC岩套(奥长花岗岩-英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩)。Sanukitoids具有下列地球化学特征:富Mg,Mg~#>0.60,Ni和Cr>100μg/g,Sr和Ba>500μg/g,LREE富集(大于球粒陨石100倍),无Eu异常。高镁安山岩在太古代很少见,而其相应的侵入岩高镁闪长岩或sanukitoids,虽然数量也很少,但却是各地晚太古代地体中随处可见的。Sanukitoids的原始岩浆是交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的,随后可能经历了广泛的分离结晶作用。TTC和sanukitoids岩套可以相伴产出,二者均与板片熔融有关,TTG与其直接有关,sanukitoids可能与其间接有关。全球Sanukitoids主要集中在晚太古代时期,可能暗示板块的消减作用在～3.0Ga以后才起了重要的作用。     

低温泡沫钻进技术在漠河盆地冻土井工程的试验研究

低温泡沫钻进技术除了具有岩心采取率高、钻进效率高和孔内事故少的特点之外,还具有低导热性、低热容量及对钻井孔壁的热干扰小等特点。低温泡沫系统由空压机、泡沫液罐、热交换器、泡沫发生器和参数监测系统组成。通过对泡沫液和空气制冷后,经发泡器混合后可获得低温泡沫。利用低温泡沫作为冲洗介质进行取心钻进,孔内返出的泡沫经消泡后,可再次循环利用。该技术在漠河盆地冻土井工程中进行了应用,经试验数据分析,低温泡沫对冻土层温度的影响极小,岩心采取率高,满足冻土层取心钻进工作的要求。     

云南石林盆地地热地质特征及成因分析

结合石林盆地地热异常及地热钻孔资料,对石林盆地地热田的热储构造条件、地热地质特征及地下水化学特征进行研究,该地热田热储层为元古界震旦系白云岩、白云质灰岩,热水径流特征和地温场特征受九乡石垭口断裂、牛头山古陆控制。钻孔资料显示,地温梯度为(1.5~4.8)℃/100 m,地热类型为深循环层状地热田,地下热水水化学类型为HCO3-Ca。从水文地质条件看,地下热水补给有限,应控制地热水的开发利用。     

离岸深水全直桩码头动力简化计算方法研究

离岸深水全直桩码头结构长期承受波浪力、撞击力等动荷载作用,仅从静力角度分析不能满足工程设计要求。为研究离岸深水全直桩码头结构动力简化计算方法,利用ABAQUS软件建立了全直桩码头的嵌固点模型和结构-地基相互作用的三维弹塑性有限元模型。基于所建立的有限元模型,采用模态分析法研究了上述码头结构的自振特性。分析表明,结构基本周期较长,与波浪力、撞击力荷载周期接近,结构动力响应突出。进一步计算发现,全直桩码头结构在波浪力、撞击力荷载作用下的动力响应有限元计算结果与采用单自由度系统位移动力放大系数理论公式计算结果吻合较好,由此提出全直桩码头结构动力响应可按单自由度系统位移动力放大系数理论公式进行简化计算。在此基础上,结合规范中的m法、p-y曲线法、NL法提出了上述码头结构动力简化计算方法,通过与动力有限元计算结果对比,验证了所建立简化计算方法的正确性。     

一次罕见飑前强降雹超级单体风暴特征分析

2009年6月5日,受一个飑线前超级单体雷暴的影响,上海部分地区出现了直径25—30mm的冰雹,随后,飑线尾随该超级单体扫过上海,造成大风、雷电和强降水天气。基于常规天气观测、多普勒天气雷达、风廓线仪和自动气象站等资料分析发现,该超级单体发生在东北冷涡西南侧的高空强冷平流与低空暖平流形成的强不稳定层结背景下,超级单体风暴发生、发展在飑线前的暖区中,经过由"热岛效应"和海陆风锋共同形成的低空辐合线时明显加强发展;该风暴呈现出"指"状、"楔"状、弱回波区(WER)等超级单体雷达反射率特征,"指"状回波处出现了中气旋的径向速度特征,具有标志大冰雹的三体散射长钉(TBSS)特征回波,通过三体散射长钉多普勒速度发现了大冰雹的下降区和增长区。分析还表明:东北冷涡西南侧横槽南摆导致中空降温,0℃层和-20℃层高度明显下降,为冰雹的空中增长提供较好的温度环境条件,较低的0℃层也保证冰雹在空中下落中融化较少。双风廓线仪对比观测表明,超级单体发展的低空风场环境中具有较大的垂直风切变和风暴相对螺旋度,中尺度对流系统与环境场的相互作用形成了有利于风暴发展和维持的正反馈机制。飑线前超级单体雷暴与飑线主体关系密切,起到类似"箭"与"弓"的引导作用,飑线主体的一部分进入超级单体所遗留下的"冷"区后明显减弱,东侧入海后也逐渐减弱,其余部分仍在发展加强;最终,强风暴逐渐减弱,超级单体特征也开始消失,飑线与之合并形成新的"人"字型中尺度对流系统,新的"弓"形回波带与原回波带相比移动方向发生右偏,因此,飑前超级单体在飑线主体移动和演变的临近预报中有重要指示意义。