模量对搅拌桩复合地基承载性能影响的数值研究

在现场试验的基础上,利用FLAC3D建立数值模拟模型,分别改变复合地基的褥垫层、持力层和桩体材料的模量,计算采用不同模量时复合地基的沉降以及桩土的应力,分析模量变化对复合地基承载力和沉降的影响规律。结果表明,褥垫层的材料和模量影响到桩间土承载力的发挥,褥垫层宜采用级配砂石,模量取值范围为20～50MPa。持力层模量增大可以提高复合地基承载力减小沉降,因此水泥土搅拌桩的桩端要进入到具有一定硬度的土层中,除软弱土外,其他土层做持力层其强度对复合地基承载力和沉降的影响不大。在一定范围内增大桩模量可以有效提高复合地基承载力减小沉降,采用水泥土搅拌桩加固软土地基时,桩的模量不要过大,建议取值范围为200～400MPa。     

水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的试验和数值模拟分析

水泥土搅拌桩处理软土地基可以提高地基承载力并减小沉降量。针对珠海地区的淤泥质土,进行了4种垫层厚度的水泥土搅拌桩复合地基现场静载荷试验,并在现场试验的基础上采用FLAC3D对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基进行了数值模拟分析。将数值模拟得到的4种垫层厚度复合地基的沉降曲线与现场试验的沉降曲线进行了比较,两者基本吻合。采用此模型计算了不同桩径和桩距复合地基的承载力和沉降量,研究了桩径、桩距的改变对复合地基承载力和沉降量的影响,并对改变桩径和桩距两种方案进行了比较,为水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的设计提供了参考。     

超长PHC管桩桩顶沉降特性的动静对比分析

通过静载荷试验可直接测到桩顶的荷载-沉降（Q-s）曲线。由管桩内预先埋设的应变计的内力测试结果可计算出土阻力与桩-土相对位移的关系,并进一步做高应变测试和拟合分析,得出了高应变拟合的Q-s曲线。对Q-s曲线作动静结果对比分析,探讨了在深厚软土中的超长PHC管桩的桩顶沉降特性。结果表明,当荷载不大时,高应变拟合的沉降大于静载实测的沉降,但当荷载接近极限值时高应变的沉降小于静载的沉降。结果亦表明,当超长PHC管桩桩身穿过一定深度的好土层、桩端进入全风化或更好的岩层时,不管是静载试验还是高应变动力测试,都很难使土阻力得到充分发挥,此时静载实测的和高应变拟合的Q-s曲线都呈缓变型特征。     

Macro-and Micro-Properties of Two Natural Marine Clays in China

In this paper,macro- and micro- properties of natural marine clay in two different and representative regions of China are investigated in detail.In addition to in-situ tests,soil samples are collected by use of Shelby tubes for laboratory examination in Shanghai and Zhuhai respectively,two coastal cities in China.In the laboratory tests,macro-properties such as consolidation characteristics and undrained shear strength are measured.Moreover,X-ray diffraction test,scanning electron microscope test,and mercury intrusion test are carried out for the investigation of their micro-properties including clay minerals and microstructure.The study shows that:(1) both clays are Holocene series formations,classified as either normal or underconsolidated soils.The initial gradient of the stress-strain curves shows their increase with increasing consolidation pressure;however,the Shanghai and the Zhuhai clays are both structural soils with the latter shown to be more structured than the former.As a result,the Zhuhai clay shows strain softening behavior at low confining pressures,but strain hardening at high pressures.In contrast,the Shanghai clay mainly manifests strain-hardening.(2) An activity ranges from 0.75 to 1.30 for the Shanghai marine clay and from 0.5 to 0.85 for the Zhuhai marine clay.The main clay mineral is illite in the Shanghai clay and kaolinite in the Zhuhai clay.The Zhuhai clay is mainly characterized by a flocculated structure,while the typical Shanghai clay shows a dispersed structure.The porous structure of the Shanghai clay is characterized mainly by large and medium-sized pores,while the Zhuhai clay porous structure is mainly featreed by small and medium-sized pores.The differences in their macro- and micro- properties can he attributed to different sedimentation environments.     

垫层对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基沉降的影响研究

根据静载荷试验和数值模拟的结果,研究垫层厚度对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基沉降的影响规律。针对珠海地区广泛存在的淤泥质土,进行了天然地基和4种垫层厚度的水泥土搅拌桩复合地基现场静载荷试验。在地基中预埋沉降管和沉降磁环,利用带刻度的探头感应加载过程中沉降磁环位置的变化,获取地基的分层沉降量,据此分析复合地基的沉降规律。在现场试验的基础上,对水泥土搅拌桩4桩复合地基进行了数值分析,将数值计算得到的不同垫层厚度复合地基中桩、土的分层沉降进行比较,结果表明垫层的设置减小了桩的沉降量,但过厚的垫层不能够有效地提高复合地基的承载力,反而会增大沉降。建议对褥垫层厚度的选取,除了要综合承载力和沉降两方面因素之外,还要考虑实际的地质条件。垫层厚度可取20～40 cm,当淤泥层位于桩身中部以下取高值,位于桩身中上部取低值。     

珠海海积软土剪切带微观结构试验研究

天然软土剪切带性状分析一直是岩土力学界的一个研究重点。采用电镜扫描和压汞法对珠海海积软土剪切带内外以及带边缘微观结构进行定量分析,研究结果表明：珠海软土的应力-应变曲线在低围压下表现出明显应变软化特征;软土在剪切破坏后,剪切带内的微观参数变化率最大,其次是剪切带边缘,最后是剪切带外;剪切带边缘上的颗粒逐渐沿着剪切应力的方向呈定向排列,而剪切带内,由于颗粒发生破碎、折断,颗粒排列是随机的,在剪切带外,颗粒的排列受剪切破坏的影响较小;珠海海积软土的孔隙入口孔径分布为主单峰分布,其主峰峰值的位置是沿着剪切带外--带边缘--剪切带内转移;Roscoe理论和Arthur经验公式预测的剪切带倾角与实测值相比都偏小,不适宜黏性土的剪切带倾角预测计算;Mohr-Coulomb理论计算出的倾角与实测值比较一致。