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2013年4月29日至2013年11月21日全部采用人工配合饲料对松江鲈鱼仔、幼鱼进行了投喂研究,在水温18.2~22.6℃的室内循环水中,松江鲈鱼通过升索S1~S8苗种料投喂,体重由平均0.084g/尾增至23.55g/尾,体长由平均1.95cm增至12.45cm;最大个体体长14cm,体质量33.5g;最小体长8cm,体质量14.5g。研究表明:仔鱼开口摄食外源性营养时,应以投喂卤虫幼虫为主,逐步减少卤虫幼虫,增加S1人工饲料,直至养到2cm左右,全部采用人工配合饲料喂养松江鲈鱼达到成熟规格完全可行,其平均日增长量0.115g/尾,饲料系数平均为1.1,总特定生长率(SGR)为2.76%d~(-1)。期间定时测定养殖水体的温度、pH、盐度、DO、COD、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐等水质指标均在正常范围内。实验还表明,在盐度范围20.3~27.1的条件下松江鲈鱼可以养至成熟规格。 相似文献
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Periphytic biofilms in aquaculture waters are thought to improve water quality, provide an additional food source, and improve the survival and growth of some reared animals. In the Asia- Pacific region, particularly in China, artificial reefs are commonly used in the commercial farming of sea cucumbers. However, few studies have examined the epilithic biofilms on the artificial reefs. To gain a better understanding of the succession of epilithic biofilms and their ecological processes in sea cucumber culture waters, two experiments were conducted in culture waters of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Rongcheng, China, using artificial test panels. On the test panels of succession experiment, more than 67 species were identified in the biofilms. On the test panels of seasonal variation experiment, more than 46 species were recorded in the biofilms. In both experiments, communities of epilithic biofilms were dominated by diatoms, green algae and the annelid Spirorbis sp. In the initial colonization, the dominant diatoms were Cocconeis sp., Amphora spp. and Nitzschia closterium in June, which were succeeded by species of Navicula, Cocconeis and Nitzschia (July to September), and then by Licmophora abbreviata, Nitzschia closterium and Synedra spp. in the following months. A diatom bloom in the autumn and filamentous green algae burst in the summer were also observed. Ecological indices well annotated the succession and seasonal changes in epilithic communities. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis found significant differences in diatom community composition among months and seasons. Fast growth of biofilms was observed in the summer and autumn, whereas the biomass of summer biofilms was largely made up of filamentous green algae. Present results show that the components of epilithic biofilms are mostly optimal foods of A. japonicus, suggesting that biofilms on artificial reefs may contribute important nutritional sources for sea cucumbers during their growth seasons. Future works should include quantitative determination of the contribution of epilithic biofilms to the diet of A. japonicus, potential roles of epilithic biofilms in regulating the water quality of sea cucumber ponds, and the regulation of epilithic biofilms in sea cucumber culture ponds. 相似文献
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黑鲪仔、稚、幼鱼生长、发育与成活率变化的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在人工池养条件下,根据2批黑鲪实验鱼苗外部形态特征和生态习性的变化,将其早期发育阶段划分为A~P共16个阶段。黑鲪早期发育阶段的消化系统要发生胃的分化、肠管的折叠、肝脏的形变和幽门垂的形态和数量变化等显著变化,其中稚鱼期的J~O阶段是消化系统变化最为剧烈的时期。2批鱼苗的生长速度均表现为逐渐加快,且全长生长均可拟合为3段直线,出现2个生长转折点:第一批苗第一个生长转折点在15~17d(多数为G阶段仔鱼,全长(8.07±0.63)~(8.44±0.66)mm);第二个生长转折点在49~51d(多数为O阶段稚鱼,全长(20.27±2.15)~(2l.13±2.17)mm)。第二批苗的2个生长转折点分别发生于14~16d(多数为G阶段仔鱼,全长(8.19±0.73)~(8.80±1.01)mm)和38~40d(多数为O阶段稚鱼,全长(21.18±2.49)~(22.77±2.83)mm)。对仔、稚、幼鱼成活率变化研究表明,黑鲪早期发育阶段存在4个临界期("危险期"):A~B阶段、D~F阶段、L~M阶段和N~O阶段,以L~M阶段鱼苗死亡率最高,而且临界期和鱼苗的形态变化、器官分化密切相关。黑鲪早期发育的阶段划分、生长转折点和临界期的确立,丰富了其早期生物学的内容,对苗种培育措施的实施具指导意义。 相似文献
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通过设置在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)养殖池塘中的9个2 m3保苗网箱(2 m×1 m×1 m)进行现场实验,比较研究了波形网(CU)、地笼(地笼网CN+地笼板CP)、尼龙网片(NM)等3种类型附着基(共4种附着基材料)在投苗状态下表面附着生物的发生与演替,及其在刺参苗种中间培育过程中对刺参生长、存活和产量的影响。结果表明:不同附着基表面的附着生物群落具有相似的演替过程。地笼板(CP)上附着生物的干质量、无灰分干质量显著高于其他3种附着基材料(P0.05),而CU、CN和NM之间差异不显著(P0.05);4种附着基材料表面附着生物的叶绿素a含量表现为CUCPNMCN,且相互间差异显著(P0.05);参苗培育12周时,采用波形网附着基的网箱苗种产量显著高于地笼(P0.05),波形网成活率最高,且显著高于其他2种附着基(P0.05)。参苗培育17周后,采用波形网附着基的网箱,苗种产量显著高于地笼和尼龙网片(P0.05),波形网的苗种成活率和特定增长率显著高于尼龙网片(P0.05),地笼与其他两者之间差异不显著(P0.05)。上述结果显示,附着基类型对刺参中间培育过程中苗种产量、成活率、增长率有显著影响。通过对刺参保苗效果的综合分析,推荐采用波形网作为刺参室外池塘保苗的附着基。 相似文献
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本研究目的为开展许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)遗传改良和优质新品系选育,选取荣成(R)和长岛(C)的野生许氏平鲉为基础群体,采用群体选育(群体内和群体间)和家系选育相结合的方法,获得R-F1、RC-F1两个群体选育群体和R-F2、RC-F2、R-F3、RC-F3四个家系选育群体。对4个选育家系的生长性能进行比较分析,并利用20对高多态性的微卫星标记对8个群体进行遗传多样性检测。结果表明:(1)群体内和群体间家系选育子3代比家系选育子2代生长速度分别提高21.59%和30.99%。4个选育家系后代的绝对增重率随着天数的增加而上升,群体内家系选育(R-F3)的生长速度、绝对增重率显著大于群体间的杂交选育系(RC-F3),杂交系未表现出生长的杂种优势。(2)20对微卫星位点在所有群体中均表现出较高多态性,8个群体的平均有效等位基因数(Νe)为2.9849—7.9598,平均观测杂合度(oH)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.7230—0.8405和0.6315—0.8716,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.6472—0.8478。经两代家系选育的R-F3和RC-F3平均等位基因数显著降低,但观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)均值仍达到0.7230、0.7549和0.6527、0.6315,还有维持了较高的遗传多样性水平,遗传潜力较大。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测结果和遗传偏离指数(d)表明各群体在大约10个位点上表现出一定程度的杂合子缺失现象。群体间平均遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.1279,各群体间存在中等遗传分化程度。R与R-F1分别与RC-F3遗传距离最远(0.9959、0.9848),预测利用两组群体中生长优良个体分别进行杂交育种有可能获得杂种优势。 相似文献
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人工养殖条件下多齿围沙蚕亲体培育和繁殖生物学的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过生态学及组织学方法对人工养殖条件下多齿围沙蚕(Perinereis nuntia Savigny)亲体培育条件及繁殖生物学进行了研究.结果表明,多齿围沙蚕雌雄异体,非成熟季节外观上无法辨别雌雄,性成熟时,雌(异沙蚕体)灰绿色,雄(异沙蚕体)红白色.生殖细胞起源于体腔膜上皮,不久就释放到体腔中,在体腔内卵原细胞和精原细胞http://ebook/成都,今夜请将我遗忘/index.htm分裂增殖形成卵原细胞群和精原细胞群,体腔中充满了外形不规则或近圆形的滋养细胞,细胞内可见嗜伊红颗粒,滋养细胞之间可见发达的微血管.卵原细胞群不断增殖发育,至初级卵母细胞后游离至体腔中继续发育为次级卵母细胞和成熟卵子;精原细胞群形成精子合胞体(syncytium),各级精母细胞在合胞体内发育,直至形成成熟精子时才分散游离.水温18℃以上,多齿围沙蚕的生长体经培育才可能形成异沙蚕体.特别是在经历了一定的低温期后,再提高温度可以有效的促进异沙蚕体形成.胚胎发育的适宜温度为18~25℃;适宜盐度为25~32.胚胎发育过程经历卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、担轮幼虫期、后担轮幼虫期、膜内游毛幼虫期等阶段,在水温25℃、盐度30条件下,从受精至孵出3刚节幼虫约需65 h.3刚节游毛幼虫至10刚节幼体约需28 d. 相似文献
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黑鲪苗种培育关键技术的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用黑鲪[Sebastodes fuscescens(Houttuyn)]野生亲鱼进行了两次工厂化育苗实验。第一次布放仔鱼38.9×104尾,经过56~60 d的培育,共育成全长30.7~32.7 mm的鱼苗2.9×104尾,平均成活率7.5%;第二次布放仔鱼101.7×104尾,经过46~51 d培育,鱼苗全长30.2~35.7mm。项目验收时,鱼苗平均全长45.7mm,平均体质量1.53g,共出苗约32.1×104尾,单位水体出苗量1 529尾/m3,平均成活率31.6%,最高成活率52.1%。实验中研究了黑鲪仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育与摄食变化,提出了苗种培育阶段的4个"危险期",并探讨了苗种培育的关键技术。 相似文献
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Broodstock of Verasper moseri (Jordan and Gilbert) aged 3–4 years old were selected, and reinforced cultivation was conducted to promote maturation under
controlled water temperature and photoperiod conditions. Fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial fertilization, and the
development of embryos, larvae and juveniles was observed continuously. The results showed that the fertilized eggs of V. moseri were spherical, with transparent yolk and homogeneous bioplasm, and had no oil globule inside. The average diameter of the
eggs was 1.77±0.02 mm. The eggs of V. moseri were buoyant in water with salinity above 35. The cleavage type was typical discoidal. Young pigment cells appeared when
olfactory plates began to form. Hatching occurred at 187 h after fertilization at a water temperature of 8.5°C. The newly
hatched larvae, floating on the water surface, were transparent with an average total length of 4.69±0.15 mm. During the cultivation
period, when the water temperature was raised from 9 to 14.5°C, 4-day old larvae showed more melanophores on the body surface,
making the larvae gray in color. The pectoral fins began to develop, which enabled the larvae to swim horizontally and in
a lively manner. On days 7–8, the digestive duct formed. The yolk sac was small and black. The yolk sac was absorbed on day
11. Larvae took food actively, and body length and body height clearly increased. The rudiments of dorsal and anal fin pterygiophores
were discernible and caudal fin ray elements formed on day 19. On day 24, the larval notochord flexed upwards, and the rays
of unpaired fins began to differentiate. Pigment cells converged on the dorsal and anal fin rays, and the mastoid teeth on
the mandible appeared. On day 29, the left eyes of juveniles began to move upwards. Depigmentation began in some juveniles
and they became sandy brown in color on day 37. Most juveniles began to settle on the bottom of the tank. The left eyes of
juveniles migrated completely to the right side on day 50, when the average body length attained 2.5±0.18 cm, and juveniles
accomplished metamorphosis to young. The embryonic and larval characters of several flounder species are compared. 相似文献
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