ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBON-DEGRADATION BACTERIA IN XIAMEN HARBOR

The ecology of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were investigated during five cruises in Xiamen Harbor. The results demonstrated that number of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were 2.1×102-7.5×106 cell/1 and 1.7×102-1.5×106 ceil/g dry and hetcrotrophic bacteria were 3.0× 104-5.9× 109 cell/1 and 2.53× 103-5.0× 103 cell/g dry in seawater and sediment respectively. The isolated strains which can degrade the petroleum belong to fifteen genera. Most, strains can only degsade one kind of hydro- carbon or petroleum. The results showed that the population and the species-composition of hydro carbon-degrading microorganisms were positively correlated with existing level of oil pollution and with water temperature, but independent of total microbtat count.     

粪大肠菌群的数量变化与养殖牡蛎发病的关系

近来,有关牡蛎发病的报道很多。Disalvo(1978)等从贝类养殖场(美国加里福尼亚州)有病牡蛎体上分离到鳗弧菌,经证实该菌毒素是牡蛎幼虫的致死因子。Spite(1978)等从发病牡蛎上分离到另一种引起牡蛎肠炎的弧菌——副溶血弧菌。Elston(1979)报道了美国养殖的大牡蛎幼虫(Crossostrea gigas)发生严重的疾病,并对有病牡蛎幼虫进行了电镜观察,发现在其损伤处有类似病毒的六角形颗粒。但是,对养殖区水质和牡蛎中存在的大肠菌群的数量与其发病的关系,至今未引起研究者的重视。1981年,我们在福建省晋江县自沙养殖场内,观察剑牡蛎发病和死亡,分析了养殖场的水质、沉积物和牡蛎样品,发现了水质中粪大肠菌群的数量与牡蛎中所含的菌数有关,也与牡蛎的发病有一定关系。     

Preliminary Study on Oil Oxidizing Degradation of Hydrocarbon

The present note describes the microbial degradation of crude oil and hydrocarbons, and discusses the microbial purification of the sea. The study shows that, (1) The ability, of Gram-negative bacteria to degrade crude oil is higher than Gram-positive bacteria. Degradation by Flavobacterium spp. and Xanthomonas spp. is higher than others; (2) The ability of dif-     

A STUDY ON MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: DECRADATION OF CRUDE OIL AND DIESEL OIL

Monthly collected water samples from two different stations in the Xiamen Harbor in one whole year were analysed for crude oil and diesel oil degradation by nature microbe flora. The results indicate that the difference between degradation rates of the two stations is related to the material type, temperature, oil degradation bacteria counts of the environment and season. The degradation velocity of diesel and crude oil in seawater is influenced by microbial degradation time. The calculated degradation velocity of crude oil and diesel oil by natural microbe flora in Xiamen Harbor sea areas based on the measured degradation rates were 0.02-0.19g/d·m2and0.004-0.61 g/d·m2 respectively. This provides, to a certain extent, a scientific basis for preliminary evaluation of the oil pollutant purification capacity of the described sea areas.     

福建海水养殖业现状与可持续发展对策

本文分析了福建海水养殖快速发展取得的成就和存在布局不够合理、种质退化等问题。相应提出了开展养殖容量研究,加强对海水养殖业科学指导等５个方面的可持续发展对策 。     

保护厦门海洋环境 增创特区优势

文章提出从加强科学研究；加强城市规划，调整工业布局，优化产业结构；充分运用法律与经济手段等方面入手，防治污染，保护厦门海洋环境，增创特区优势。     

海洋油污染微生物降解的研究Ⅲ.海洋微生物对石油烃的降解作用

本文叙述了选自厦门海区分离的10株烃降解菌在25℃7天中对8种烃及其混合烃的降解作用,采用气相色谱法测定其降解率.实验结果表明,不同菌株对8种烃的降解率不同,表现了菌属间的差异:烷烃的降解率高于芳烃,所有菌株都能降解正十六烷,而对芳烃的降解率较低,但在混合烃中它的降解率高于单一芳烃的降解率;碳数少的烃类降解率高于碳数多的;联合菌株比单一菌株对混合烃的降解率有一定促进作用;烃浓度是影响降解率的重要因素.     

海洋油污染微生物降解的研究——Ⅰ.厦门港石油烃降解菌的生态分布

石油污染是当前海洋污染中最为严重和急待解决的问题。有关海面上石油的净化和海底沉积层中石油分解研究的报道较多。特别是微生物对石油的降解作用,在国外四十年代以来就从各方面进行较系统的研究[1]。     

A STUDY ON MICROBIAL DEGRADATION FOR OIL POLLUTANTS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT

This paper presents the degradation of 10 strains of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria isolated from Xiamen harbor for 8 kinds of hydrocarbon and their mixed hydrocarbons incubated for 7 days at 25℃. The results indicate that the degradation rates of different genera of bacteria, which are measured with gas chromatography, are different for 8 hydrocarbons, thus showing the differences among genera; that the degradation rates of most strains for alkane hydrocarbons are higher than those for aromatic hydrocarbons; that the mixed strains favour the degratation for mixed hydrocarbons; and that the concentration of hydrocarbon is an important factor affecting degradation rates.     

海洋油污染微生物降解的研究 Ⅳ.海洋微生物对原油和柴油的降解作用

我们在研究了厦门港石油烃降菌生态以及初步研究它们对烃降解作用的基础上[4-7],进一步在本港区选择两个不同环境的站位,每月采集水样,研究一年中该港区天然微生物对原油和柴油的净化能力。