利用人工合成透明土的岩土物理模拟试验

结合粒子图像测速（PIV）和近景摄影技术,建立了一种利用人工合成透明土的岩土物理模拟试验方法,非侵入观测和记录了浅基础沉降（SFS）引起的土体变形,并与利用天然土的传统模型试验进行了对比研究。透明土是由与熔融石英的折射率相匹配的孔隙溶液组成。采用激光面照射透明土模型并拍摄下SFS引起变形的数字图像,利用基于MATLAB的Geo-PIV软件获得了所产生的位移场。试验结果对比分析显示：与天然砂土中的相比,在透明土中SFS引起的扰动区域较大,最大剪应变扩大了约1.5倍,表层隆起范围约增加了30～50%;然而透明土中土体单元的运动趋势总体上与天然砂土中的相似,表明所建立的试验方法在机制研究上具有一定程度的适用性。     

考虑异形效应Y形桩端阻力产生的附加应力研究

Y形桩作为一种新型反拱曲面异形桩,端阻力在桩身截面上具有不均匀分布的特性。虽将端阻力假定为均匀分布,与假定为集中力相比,附加应力计算结果更符合实际分布规律,但仍存在一定偏差。基于数值模拟结果,建立了Y形桩端阻力的不均匀分布模型,借助数学分析软件Mathematica的NIntegrate数值积分功能,以及Geddes推导应力解的思想,进而得出了考虑异形效应Y形桩桩端阻力作用在地基内部任意点竖向附加应力系数的数值计算方法。以主要影响因素外包圆半径R、模板弧度θ、开弧间距s、夹角弧度δ为变量,分别对比研究了将Y形桩端阻力假定为均匀分布和考虑异形效应的不均匀分布两种模式下附加应力的变化规律,并将考虑异形效应的端阻力产生附加应力计算方法用于沉降计算。对此现场静载荷试验数据表明,考虑异性效应的端阻力产生附加应力计算方法计算沉降与现场试验数据吻合度更高。     

A new method of combination of electroosmosis,vacuum and surcharge preloading for soft ground improvement

As a rapid and effective ground improvement method is urgently required for the booming land reclamation in China＇s coastal area, this study proposes a new combined method of electroosmosis, vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading. A new type of electrical prefabricated vertical drain （ePVD） and a new electroosmotic drainage system are suggested to allow the application of the new method. This combined method is then field-tested and compared with the conventional vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method. The monitoring and foundation test results show that the new method induces a settlement 20% larger than that of the conventional vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method in the same treatment period, and saves approximately half of the treatment time compared with the vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method according to the finite element prediction of the settlement. The proposed method also increases the vane shear strength of the soil significantly. The bearing capacity of the ground improved by use of the new proposed method raises 118%. In comparison, there is only a 75% rise when using the vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method during the same reinforcement period. All results indicate that the proposed combined method is effective and suitable for reinforcing the soft clay ground. Besides, the voltage applied between the anode and cathode increases exponentially versus treatment time when the output current of power supplies is kept constant. Most of the voltage potential in electroosmosis is lost at electrodes, leaving smaller than 50% of the voltage to be effectively transmitted into the soil.     

刚性基础下现浇X形桩复合地基桩-土应力比分析

桩土应力比是反映复合地基承载特性的重要参数之一,可反映复合地基的荷载传递和变形机制。做为一种新型桩,目前尚未得出统一的计算X形桩复合地基桩土应力比的公式。沉淀池、滤池等构筑物是典型的具有混凝土底板（刚性基础）的结构,刚性基础下桩复合地基的承载性能有别于柔性基础。故结合南京桥北污水处理厂地基处理工程做现场静载荷试验,应用有限元软件ABAQUS建立刚性荷载板下现浇X形混凝土桩复合地基的模型,模拟不同桩身弹性模量、桩周土压缩模量、桩长、褥垫层厚度和压缩模量等参数下现浇X形混凝土桩复合地基的桩土应力比,结果表明,桩身或褥垫层模量增大、桩周土体模量减小、褥垫层厚度减小、桩长等增加都能使桩土应力比增大;现浇X形桩复合地基桩土应力比理想值为20～25,此时桩身模量取10～20 GPa,碎石褥垫层的厚度为20～40 cm,模量为30～45 MPa。     

A New Method of Combination of Electroosmosis, Vacuum and Surcharge Preloading for Soft Ground Improvement

As a rapid and effective ground improvement method is urgently required for the booming land reclamation in China’s coastal area, this study proposes a new combined method of electroosmosis, vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading. A new type of electrical prefabricated vertical drain (ePVD) and a new electroosmotic drainage system are suggested to allow the application of the new method. This combined method is then field-tested and compared with the conventional vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method. The monitoring and foundation test results show that the new method induces a settlement 20% larger than that of the conventional vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method in the same treatment period, and saves approximately half of the treatment time compared with the vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method according to the finite element prediction of the settlement. The proposed method also increases the vane shear strength of the soil significantly. The bearing capacity of the ground improved by use of the new proposed method raises 118%. In comparison, there is only a 75% rise when using the vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method during the same reinforcement period. All results indicate that the proposed combined method is effective and suitable for reinforcing the soft clay ground. Besides, the voltage applied between the anode and cathode increases exponentially versus treatment time when the output current of power supplies is kept constant. Most of the voltage potential in electroosmosis is lost at electrodes, leaving smaller than 50% of the voltage to be effectively transmitted into the soil.