Adjoint Sensitivity Analyses on the Anomalous Circulation Features in East Asian Summer Monsoon

ＡｄｊｏｉｎｔＳｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙＡｎａｌｙｓｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＡｎｏｍａｌｏｕｓＣｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎＦｅａｔｕｒｅｓｉｎＥａｓｔＡｓｉａｎＳｕｍｍｅｒＭｏｎｓｏｏｎ①ＹａｎｇＹａｎ（杨燕），ＬｉＺｈｉｊｉｎ（李志锦）ａｎｄＪｉＬｉｒｅｎ（纪立人）Ｉ...     

一种基于数据融合的地球物理数据联合反演方法

从地球物理反演的基本概念出发，认为地球物理反演是 对实测数据的地球物理属性的理解或解释，多方法的地球物理数据联合反演是一种多传感器 的数据融合. 本文分析了地球物理数据的模糊特性，采用基于语义的模糊化方法，使不同物 理意义和尺度的特征数据及测区的地质和地球物理背景成为一体，结合地球物理专家解释的 方法，利用基于模糊逻辑系统的神经网络实现了融合. 该方法充分利用了各种地球物理探测 数据的全部信息，避免了线性反演的复杂计算；其数据融合的观点,为解决地球物理联合反 演问题提供了新的思路. 通过模拟实验和应用实例验证，该方法是有效的.     

Temporal variability of selected heavy metals in automobile soils

Studies on seasonal changes of heavy metal concentration in soils provide vital information for best management options at all times. The study investigated temporal variation in concentration of heavy metals in three towns having automobile service centres in Imo State. The study site is characterized by two major seasons in a year. Heavy metals were found in both arable and automobile soils, but more concentrations were recorded on the latter. Mean values of Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg and Pb were 6.2 mg/kg, 4.7 mg/kg 6.5 mg/kg, 0.02 mg/kg and 71.9 mg/kg respectively in the dry season while 2.9 mg/kg Cd, 2.2 mg/kg Cr, 1.9 mg/kg Ni, 0.01 mg/kg Hg and 51.9 mg/kg Pb were recorded during the rainy season of the experimental period. Higher values of heavy metal concentration were found in automobile soils as follows: 18.1 mg/kg Cd, 12.0mg/kgCr, 16.3 mg/kg Ni, 4.8 mg/kg Hg and312.8 mg/kg Pb in rainy season, and 15.1 mg/kg Cd, 8.1 mg/kg Cr, 11.9 mg/kg Ni 2.7 mg/kg Hg and 267.9 mg/kg Pb. However, Cd showed highest variability in arable soils during the dry season (CV=79%) while Hg varied widely in automobile soils in the rainy season (CV=54%).     

A new oscillating model suggestion for FG Vir

Evolutionary stellar models of FG Vir have been developed theoretically and are compared with earlier observational results. Using the models, we performed calculations to obtain radial and non-radial adiabatic oscillation frequencies. The results show that, if the observational splitting was considered and the observational mode identifications were followed, 1.85M _⊙ star models with the rotational velocities in the range from 32 to 66 kms⁻¹ seem to be representative models of FG Vir.     

On Three-Dimensional Magnetic Skeleton Elements Due to Discrete Flux Sources

The magnetic field in the solar corona plays an important role in coronal heating, flaring activity and many other phenomena studied on the Sun. Magnetic topology is frequently used to understand complicated coronal magnetic fields. By calculating the skeleton of a field, it is possible to build up a sophisticated representation of the key elements of a field’s configuration. This paper determines a simple relation between the numbers of separators (X), coronal null points (N_c), flux domains (D) and flux sources (S) in such a configuration: D=X+S−N_c−1. This equation is used to explain the behaviour of some of the bifurcations found in Magnetic Charge Topology, and to show that a one-to-one relationship exists between the number of circuits in the domain graph and the augmented null graph. Finally, it is shown that in quiet-Sun regions, the number of separators is approximately proportional to the number of flux sources.     

黑河实验（HEIFE）的一些研究成果

本文回顾了黑河实验（ＨＥＩＦＥ）的执行情况，总结了到目前为止的主要研究成果。得到了干旱地区陆面过程地表参数、地表能量平衡特征和湍流通量参数化的结果。同时得到了干旱地区陆面过程的物理机制同湿润地区有质的差异这一认识：同湿润地区不同，干旱地区地表蒸散和植被过程并不是地表能量平衡中的控制因子，因为感热并不输送到自由大气仅是大气边界层的强迫因子；而潜热输送给自由大气并且潜热的释放是大气环流的主要能源，但干旱地区很少或没有水汽和潜热输送到自由大气，所以干旱地区自由大气不能从地面得到热能；地表反射率大和向上长波辐射强致使净辐射亏损大；基于以上原因，干旱地区可能是一个水汽输送和热能的“汇”。这些结果使我们能更好地理解干旱地区的陆面过程。黑河实验的结果以系统的观测事实证实了绿洲的冷岛效应，临近绿洲沙漠的逆湿现象，即夏季白天常常是绿洲有感热向下输送，临近绿洲的沙漠有水汽向下输送。这些结果揭示了绿洲和沙漠环境相互作用的较完整图像     

Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetics: Principles,Methodologies, Future Commercial Applications

The exploration community, from the earth scientist to the investment manager, has surely recognized the recent surge of interest in the use of controlled source electromagnetics for offshore hydrocarbon detection and assessment. The targets, petroleum, natural gas and gas hydrate, are resistive zones in an otherwise conductive background. I trace the academic and commercial development of marine methods from basic theory through experimental design to the few published relevant exploration case histories. Invited review paper presented at the 17th Electromagnetic Induction Workshop. Hyderabad, India, 18–23 October, 2004.