Genetic difference of Chinese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) in southeast coast of China based on mitochondrial COI gene analysis

Population genetic structure and historical demography of Chinese horseshoe crab (T. tridentatus) along southeast coast of China were inferred from the sequence data of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) fragment. The sequence analysis for 964 bp COI fragment was conducted in 28 individuals collected from five localities: Ninghai in Zhejiang Province, Meizhou and Zhangpu in Fujian Province, Beihai of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Danzhou of Hainan Province. Sequence variation was relatively low with a total of seven transitions observed. In all localities, Haplotype H3 was the dominant type observed among eight haplotypes defined previously, and was at the center of radiation in Median-Joining network. The prolonged star-like network suggests a signature of population expansions. The level of diversity was low in total, with haplotype diversity (H_d) being equal to 0.765 and nucleotide diversity (π) being equal to 0.001 18, respectively. The genetic structure analysis revealed the significant genetic difference between Ninghai and Danzhou populations. Both mismatch distribution analysis and Fu's F_s test provided consistent inference of historic population expansion. The low genetic diversity of horseshoe crab observed along China coast indicated that urgent measures should be taken to protect this rare marine animal.     

含金硫化物基岩区红土型金矿的成矿作用

实验表明，在含金硫化物基岩区，硫代硫酸金络阴离子团和硫酸金络阴离子团是金在表生条件下的主要迁移形式，它们的沉淀与铁、锰氢氧化物的形成有密切联系。金的表生迁移－沉淀条件除一般的表生地质条件外，还有特殊的物理化学－生物化学条件。络阴离子团的地球化学性质，控制着红土型金矿床的垂向分带与金的次生富集。     

基于AI的胸部CT平扫对冠脉钙化积分的准确性评价

目的：探讨基于人工智能（AI）的非门控胸部低剂量CT（LDCT）平扫与心电门控CT血管造影（ECG gated-CTA）对冠状动脉钙化积分（CACS）危险度分层的一致性。方法：回顾性分析行冠状动脉CTA扫描的100例患者,所有患者均行冠脉ECG gated-CTA扫描和常规非门控胸部LDCT平扫。在Siemens后处理工作站采用Agatston钙化积分软件记录ECG gated-CTA钙化积分,采用数坤人工智能分析软件记录非门控胸部CT平扫的钙化积分。采用原标准界值,对非门控胸部LDCT平扫与ECG gated-CTA评估的CACS值危险度分层进行Kappa检验;采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）检验非门控胸部LDCT平扫的诊断效能并获取最佳诊断新界值,采用新界值的非门控胸部LDCT与ECG gated-CTA评估的CACS值危险度分层进行进一步Kappa检验;比较两种方法的钙化积分的Pearson相关性,P<0.001为有统计学显著差异。结果：对非门控胸部LDCT平扫的CACS值按原界值进行危险度分层,与ECG gated-CTA的CACS值危险度分层进行一致性检验,Kappa值为0.804,P<0.001。非门控胸部LDCT平扫测得的CACS值与ECG gated-CTA测得的CACS值比较,低危-中危组的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.910,P<0.001,最佳诊断界值为112.35;中危-高危组AUC为0.988,P<0.001,最佳诊断界值为398.31。对非门控胸部LDCT平扫测得的CACS值按最佳新诊断界值进行危险度分层,与ECG-gated CTA平扫测得的CACS值的按原有界值危险度分层进行一致性检验,Kappa值为0.850,P<0.001。两种方法所测Pearson相关系数为0.985,P<0.001,存在显著相关性。结论：基于人工智能技术的非门控胸部CT平扫与ECG-gated CTA对冠状动脉钙化积分的评估具有较高的一致性;本研究制定了非门控条件下CACS值危险度分层新标准,进一步提高了非门控胸部LDCT评估CACS值的准确性,有助于冠心病风险的早期筛查。     

A Comparison of De-noising Methods for Differential Phase Shift and Associated Rainfall Estimation

Measured differential phase shift ΦDP is known to be a noisy unstable polarimetric radar variable, such that the quality of ΦDP data has direct impact on specific differential phase shift KDP estimation, and subsequently, the KDP-based rainfall estimation. Over the past decades, many ΦDP de-noising methods have been developed; however, the de-noising effects in these methods and their impact on KDP-based rainfall estimation lack comprehensive comparative analysis. In this study, simulated noisy ΦDP data were generated and de-noised by using several methods such as finite-impulse response(FIR), Kalman, wavelet,traditional mean, and median filters. The biases were compared between KDP from simulated and observedΦDP radial profiles after de-noising by these methods. The results suggest that the complicated FIR, Kalman,and wavelet methods have a better de-noising effect than the traditional methods. After ΦDP was de-noised,the accuracy of the KDP-based rainfall estimation increased significantly based on the analysis of three actual rainfall events. The improvement in estimation was more obvious when KDP was estimated with ΦDP de-noised by Kalman, FIR, and wavelet methods when the average rainfall was heavier than 5 mm h-1.However, the improved estimation was not significant when the precipitation intensity further increased to a rainfall rate beyond 10 mm h-1. The performance of wavelet analysis was found to be the most stable of these filters.     

Improvement of X-Band Polarization Radar Melting Layer Recognition by the Bayesian Method and ITS Impact on Hydrometeor Classification

Using melting layer(ML) and non-melting layer(NML) data observed with the X-band dual linear polarization Doppler weather radar(X-POL) in Shunyi, Beijing, the reflectivity(ZH), differential reflectivity(ZDR), and correlation coefficient(CC) in the ML and NML are obtained in several stable precipitation processes. The prior probability density distributions(PDDs) of the ZH, ZDR and CC are calculated first, and then the probabilities of ZH, ZDR and CC at each radar gate are determined(PBB in the M...     

车载X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达及其数据处理系统

文章介绍了车载X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达及其数据处理系统,并对其资料质量和应用问题进行了分析和讨论。该雷达采用的单发双收的工作机制,实现对Z_H、Z_(DR)、Φ_(DP)、K_(DP)、ρ_(HV)(0)以及L_(DR)等参数的探测。这些信息反映了云和降水粒子的范围、大小和运动变化等特征,是研究云和降水特别是灾害性天气的形成机制及其物理过程变化的有效工具。基于该雷达的数据处理系统是在利用这些测量参数的基础上,可以实现降水处理和降水粒子相态识别功能,为用户提供有效的气象服务。     

Identification of Convective and Stratiform Clouds Based on the Improved DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm

A convective and stratiform cloud classification method for weather radar is proposed based on the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. To identify convective and stratiform clouds in different developmental phases, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models are proposed by applying reflectivity factors at 0.5° and at 0.5°, 1.5°, and 2.4° elevation angles, respectively. According to the thresholds of the algorithm, which include echo intensity, the echo top height of 35 dBZ (ET), density threshold, and ε neighborhood, cloud clusters can be marked into four types: deep-convective cloud (DCC), shallow-convective cloud (SCC), hybrid convective-stratiform cloud (HCS), and stratiform cloud (SFC) types. Each cloud cluster type is further identified as a core area and boundary area, which can provide more abundant cloud structure information. The algorithm is verified using the volume scan data observed with new-generation S-band weather radars in Nanjing, Xuzhou, and Qingdao. The results show that cloud clusters can be intuitively identified as core and boundary points, which change in area continuously during the process of convective evolution, by the improved DBSCAN algorithm. Therefore, the occurrence and disappearance of convective weather can be estimated in advance by observing the changes of the classification. Because density thresholds are different and multiple elevations are utilized in the 3D model, the identified echo types and areas are dissimilar between the 2D and 3D models. The 3D model identifies larger convective and stratiform clouds than the 2D model. However, the developing convective clouds of small areas at lower heights cannot be identified with the 3D model because they are covered by thick stratiform clouds. In addition, the 3D model can avoid the influence of the melting layer and better suggest convective clouds in the developmental stage.     

CINRAD-SA双偏振雷达资料在降水估测中的应用初探

对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。     

基于无人机航测的天景山断裂孟家湾地貌精细解译及活动构造定量参数提取

利用无人机摄影测量技术航测天景山断裂孟家湾的地表地形地貌数据,以获取的数字高程模型为基础,通过构造地貌精细解译进一步提取地震断层的水平位移量及垂直位错量,计算断层的平均水平滑动速率,并分析判识了古地震事件。结果表明:①研究区发育3期河流阶地T₃、T₂、T₁,且均被断错,最新的冲沟T₀未见错动;②在T₁阶地面上提取水平位移量为(7.77±0.98)m,计算得到全新世中期以来的平均水平滑动速率为0.86~0.91 mm/a;③在T₁阶地面上跨陡坎提取垂直位错量为(0.61±0.11)m,其坡度存在2个明显拐点,代表2次地表破裂型地震事件,推测在12000 a前,即晚更新世末期或全新世初期以来至少发生过2次地表破裂型地震。     

Numerical simulation of deep-hole resistivity anomaly caused by drilling construction in Xinfengjiang geoelectric station

The Xinfengjiang reservoir in Guangdong Province, is one of the large reservoirs that have triggered earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6. Numerous earthquakes have occurred since the impoundment of the reservoir, making it one of the most active seismic zones in south China. In 2015, a set of deep-hole resistivity anomalies was observed in the Heping geoelectric station in Dongyuan county, located near the Xinfengjiang reservoir. After a field investigation, we found that a planned well drilling construction of new measuring channels was being carried out during that corresponding period of time. After careful comparison and analysis on the basis of the collected raw data, we had a reason to believe that drilling construction, rather than the inducement of the Xinfengjiang reservoir, was the main culprit for those unusual georesistivity values. So as to verify the above conjecture, we constructed a series of 3D finite element models based on the geological and hydrological information around Heping station and analyzed the drilling disturbances, respectively. Some significant conclusions were finally drawn according to the precise numerical simulation. This study gives a good example by combining numerical simulation with engineering practice as a way to understand the root cause of georesistivity anomalies in reality.