First Post-Newtonian Angular Momentum In Relativistic Celestial Mechanics

With a new theory on the 1PN celestial mechanics recently developed by Damour, Soffel and Xu (1991,1992,1993,1994), definitions and expressions of the 1PN spin angular momentum are investigated and analysed. The total spin angular momentum of a system of extended bodies such as the solar system is calculated and expressed as the function of local parameters and observables under reasonable assumptions, which would find its application in the evolution and dynamics of systems of celestial bodies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Relation between the “Double-Hump” Behavior in the Radio Band and the Broad-Line Luminosity for Blazars

The physics behind the spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars remains open. We assembled 36 blazars to tackle the factors that control their SED. Now, many blazar spec- tra have the "double hump" feature in the radio and far-IR frequencies. For these a parameter, , is created to characterize the behavior of the SED. We found a significant correlation be- tween the broad-line luminosity (LBLR) and . Because LBLR is an indicator of the accreting power of the source in blazars, we derived a linear correlation, ∝ M˙1/3.18, which suggests that the SED of blazars may depend on the accretion rate, like that of BL Lac objects. We also found a significant correlation between ■ and for a sample of 11 blazars (out of one of 36) with available black hole masses. This implies the Eddington accretion ratio may influence the shape of the SED of blazars.     

Estimates of AGN Black Hole Mass and Minimum Variability Timescale

Black hole mass is one of the fundamental physical parameters of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), for which many methods of estimation have been proposed. One set of methods assumes that the broad-line region (BLR) is gravitationally bound by the central black hole potential, so the black hole mass can be estimated from the orbital radius and the Doppler velocity. Another set of methods assumes the observed variability timescale is determined by the orbital timescale near the innermost stable orbit around the Schwarzschild black hole or the Kerr black hole, or by the characteristic timescale of the accretion disk. We collect a sample of 21 AGNs, for which the minimum variability timescales have been obtained and their black hole masses (Mσ) have been well estimated from the stellar velocity dispersion or the BLR size-luminosity relation. Using the minimum variability timescales we estimated the black hole masses for 21 objects by the three different methods, the results are denoted by Ms, Mk and Md, respectively. We compared each of them with Mσindividually and found that: (1) using the minimum variability timescale with the Kerr black hole theory leads to small differences between Mσand Mk, none exceeding one order of magnitude, and the mean difference between them is about 0.53 dex; (2) using the minimum variability timescale with the Schwarzschild black hole theory leads to somewhat larger difference between Mσand Ms: larger than one order of magnitude for 6 of the 21 sources, and the mean difference is 0.74 dex; (3) using the minimum variability timescale with the accretion disk theory leads to much larger differences between Mσand Md, for 13 of the 21 sources the differences are larger than two orders of magnitude; and the mean difference is as high as about 2.01 dex.     

三江平原旱田耕作对湿地土壤理化性质的累积影响初探

在中国科学院三江平原湿地生态试验站综合实验场,对不同耕作年限的湿地土壤(0~20 cm)进行环境累积效应分析。结果表明,随着开垦时间的增加,土壤的理化性质发生渐变,物理性质方面,土壤容重和比重逐渐增大,而孔隙度和田间持水量逐年减少;化学性质方面,土壤pH值随开垦时间的增加而增加,有机质和其他养分则随开垦时间的增加而逐年降低。弃耕后土壤性质有所恢复。土壤性质在开垦初期变化较明显,而后逐渐变缓。     

四川米易青皮村镁铁质侵入体的固结过程

含矿与无矿侵入体的区分是阐明岩浆型矿床成因的基础,也是深部找矿预测的依据。本文选择四川米易青皮村岩体为例,通过岩相学及矿物成分剖面和定量化结构分析,试图阐明无矿岩浆侵入体的固结过程,并与攀枝花含矿岩体对比,进一步揭示含矿与无矿侵入体形成过程的区别。岩相学分析表明,青皮村岩体中粒辉长岩的造岩矿物可以划分为四个世代：①粗粒斜长石→②中粒斜长石+单斜辉石→③黑云母+铁钛氧化物→④伟晶状斜长石,展示了封闭系统的固结过程。加上粗晶辉长岩脉的矿物组合钠长石+单斜辉石+角闪石+磷灰石,可以将青皮村岩体的组成矿物划分为5个世代,进而划分成四个晶体群：通道晶体群、岩浆房晶体群、基质晶体群和流体晶体群。晶体成分剖面分析表明,通道晶和岩浆房晶显示正环带,具有封闭系统降温结晶的特点,其中通道晶的生长伴随着减压作用;基质晶初始为正环带,末期显示反环带,反映了残余流体的聚集与逃逸;而流体晶体群的产出则反映了超临界流体的相分离和排气作用。定量化结构分析揭示了岩浆固结晚期的粗化过程,是封闭岩浆系统固结过程的重要证据,与岩相学和晶体成分剖面分析结果一致。此外,青皮村岩体中Fe Ti氧化物含量甚低,其体积分数仅为4%,暗示它们不可能聚集成矿。与攀枝花岩体相比,青皮村岩体固结过程中缺失先存晶体的溶蚀结构,后者被认为是高温含矿流体输入的结果。据此,本文提出,外来含矿流体(透岩浆流体)输入与否决定了镁铁质岩浆侵入体的产矿能力;进而认为,是流体输入导致了岩浆分异,而不是岩浆分异产生了含矿流体。     

Giant plagioclase growth during storage of basaltic magma in Emeishan Large Igneous Province,SW China

Giant plagioclase basalts (GPBs) reflect the storage of flood basalt magma in subvolcanic magma chambers at crustal depths. In this study of the Late Permian Emeishan large igneous province in southwest China, we focus on understanding the plumbing system and ascent of large-volume basaltic magma. We report a quantitative textural analysis and bulk-rock geochemical composition of clustered touching crystals (CT-type) and single isolated crystal (SI-type) GPB samples from 5- to 240-m-thick flows in the Daqiao section. Both types of GPBs are evolved (<6 MgO wt%), but have high Ti/Y ratios (>500) and high total FeO content (11.5–15.2 wt%). The mineral chemistry of the two types of plagioclase displays a small range of anorthite content (<5 mol%), which is consistent with their unzoned characteristics. The two types of GPBs have S-type crystal size distributions but have quite different slopes, intercepts, and characteristic lengths. The characteristic lengths of the five flows are 1.54, 2.99, 1.70, 3.22, and 1.86 mm, respectively. For plagioclase growth rates of 10^?11 to 10^?10 mm/s, steady-state magma chamber models with simple continuous crystal growth suggest that CT-type plagioclase megacrysts have the residence time of about 500–6,000 years, whereas the residence time for SI-type plagioclase is significantly longer, about 1,000–10,000 years. By combining field geology, quantitative textural data with geochemistry, we suggest that CT- and SI-type crystals grew and were coarsened in the outer part and inner part of a magma chamber, respectively. Magma evolution during storage is controlled by crystallization, crystal growth, and magma mixing, and pulsating eruptions occur in response to the continuous supply of hot magma.     

Stability in the restricted problem of three bodies with Liapounov Characteristic Numbers

We have applied the method of Liapounov Characteristic Numbers (LCN) to the planar restricted three-body problem with various mass ratios μ and Jacobi constantsC, for various cases of satellite and asteroidal motion. Some results on the LCN's for both ordinary and regularized coordinate systems are obtained. The results indicate that there exists a maximum valueC* ofC, depending on μ, such that all the LCN's are zero within computational accuracy whenC>C*. The meaning of this is that all orbits whose initial conditions are located in the region for whichC>C* are effectively stable.     

皮羌盆地新生代基性岩浆活动的年代学及其地质意义

塔里木盆地西北部卷入了西南天山新生代板内造山活动,以发育一系列北东向展布的断层和断层相关褶皱为特征,但该区新生代构造变形的原因尚存在争议。文中以皮羌盆地为例报道了新生代火成岩的地质特征和测年结果,认为构造变形是对幔源岩浆活动的浅部响应,与印度 亚洲大陆碰撞没有必然的联系。皮羌盆地出露有大量的新生代基性岩墙和4个古火山颈,岩墙群整体走向NNW和NNE,产状近于直立,侵入于新生界湖相沉积地层中。火山颈相玄武岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb定年结果为46 Ma,全岩K Ar等时线封闭年龄为(455±613) Ma,表明岩浆活动发生在始新世中期。岩浆活动时间比逆冲推覆构造启动时间(约24 Ma)早约22 Ma。按热传导模式估算,在此期间来自深部热源的热传递距离约为25 km。假定深部热源为底侵或内侵幔源岩浆,新生代岩浆活动可能是塔里木盆地西北部大规模构造变形的触发机制。     

芦苇湿地酶活性动态变化及其与净化功能相关性

以黄河三角洲某湿地处理系统为例,测定了造纸废水灌溉芦苇湿地过程中酶活性动态变化及其与废水污染物去除率、基质微生物的相关性.结果表明:脱氢酶、纤维素酶和蔗糖酶活性与废水COD去除率、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别与废水TN,TP去除率呈显著正相关(r>0.8);湿地酶活性在土壤中的垂直分布为上层>中层>下层,其中磷酸酶和脱氢酶层间差异最大.湿地酶活性及微生物数量受季节影响明显,在8,9月最高;废水灌溉后湿地酶活性、MBC/TOC、基质呼吸强度等大幅提高,盐碱生态系统得到改良;经综合评价,确定恒定流运行模式(w1)为推荐造纸废水灌溉工艺.