基于GIS与三维激光扫描的占建筑保护研究

以三维激光扫描点云数据作为基础数据,以河南大学明伦校区近代建筑群为研究对象,结合地理数据库和三维建模技术.建立了古建筑数据库.利用ArcGIS Engine二次开发平台,设计了基于GIS的古建筑数字化保护系统,并同时探讨了系统建立过程中的若干技术问题.研究结果说明.基于三维激光扫描和GIS的新技术手段,为古建筑的数字化保护带来了新的契机.     

Differentiation of Rural Households′ Consciousness in Land Use Activities: A Case from Bailin Village,Shapingba District of Chongqing Municipality,China

What rural households think and what kind of strategies they take, the basic driving force in land use activities, contribute greatly to the increase of their own revenues, the development of agricultural yields, and even the prosperity of rural areas. Differentiation in rural household behaviors and their consciousness in land use activities is widespread in rural China nowadays. It is important to understand the changing characteristics and laws of land use behaviors of rural households driven by their consciousness, so as to regulate their land use activities. In most empirical studies of land use change at rural household level, the land use consciousness, which acts directly on land use behaviors, is often neglected. In our research, the changes of land use behaviors of rural households are analyzed, through identifying how the land use consciousness affect the land use objectives, land management scales and land inputs of all the rural households in Bailin Village of Chongqing Municipality in the western mountainous China. Also, how the land use consciousness of different rural households comes into being under external stimuli is examined and the self-adjustment process of their consciousness according to their own conditions is also discussed. Finally, broad policy instruments are suggested to promote the rationalization of rural households′ land use consciousness and the standardization of their land use behaviors.     

风险扰动下的城市经济韧性多维测度与分析——以长三角地区为例

随着城市间经济联系日益密切,风险扰动对城市的经济韧性发展有着较大的冲击影响,深入研究城市经济韧性对于城市经济良性发展和提升经济抵御能力具有重要意义。论文选取亚洲金融危机和全球金融危机两次典型的经济风险扰动,以长三角城市为研究对象,以产业相对多样化、产业相对专业化、区域经济联系强度和地区经济敏感度的多维综合评价法对长三角城市经济韧性进行了测度,并对其时空格局的演化、特征及成因进行了分析,结果表明：① 长三角地区内大部分城市的产业相对多样化指数呈不断下滑趋势,相对专业化整体态势稳定上升,有利于区域产业分工和一体化发展,应对风险扰动的经济韧性能力强,而安徽省内部分城市专业化指数过高且存在产业同构化现象;② 城市产业相对专业化指数区域差距不断增加,与其主导产业结构有显著关系;③ 核心城市与各城市间的联系总量占比逐年降低,核心城市上海的集聚能力仍较高,致使城市间差距增加,不利于城市经济韧性的整体协同;④ 城市抵抗力和恢复力与其经济发展模式密切相关,经济风险扰动对不同城市的经济增长,存在由沿海城市向内部城市的地域先后性影响。论文有助于弥补已有研究在城市群地区尺度经济韧性研究方面的不足,以期为中国城市经济可持续和区域高质量协同发展提供方法指导。     

Performance investigation of 3D printed clay soil using fiber Bragg grating technology

Acta Geotechnica - Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques are under continuous investigation with interesting results published at both experimental and research levels. However, few investigations...     

新一代双偏振天气雷达(CINRAD/SAD)精细化探测技术

新一代双偏振天气雷达在暴雨、台风等灾害性天气监测和预警中发挥了重要的作用。随着气象现代化发展以及预报时效性、精细化度的要求不断提高,S波段新一代双偏振天气雷达已不能充分满足发展过程迅速的中小尺度天气系统的研究、预警。气象雷达的时空分辨率对探测强对流过程中小尺度结构有重要作用,提高天气雷达时空分辨率是精细化探测技术的关键,本文着重从新一代天气雷达的时空分辨率、体扫方式等方面,通过对天气雷达脉冲重复频率、信号处理方法及扫描方式等进行改进,提高新一代双偏振天气雷达对中小尺度气旋和龙卷风等灾害性天气的探测能力,以获取快速变化的天气过程精细化特征,获得更新更快、分辨率更高的观测资料。     

宁夏照壁山铁矿成矿地质特征与找矿方向

文章从区域地质背景和矿区地质特征入手,结合前人研究成果,深入分析了照壁山铁矿床地质特征和成矿规律,探讨了矿床成因类型,建立了找矿标志。研究发现:照壁山铁矿主要产于石炭系土坡组和臭牛沟组的砂岩、粉砂岩中,矿体主要沿着近EW向的断裂和裂隙分布,构造控矿明显;矿体多呈脉状、透镜状、似层状,具有原生矿石和氧化矿石2中类型,围岩蚀变表现为硅化、褐铁矿化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化等,围岩蚀变较强;铁矿的形成主要与中酸性岩浆的侵入关系密切,矿床类型为中低温热液矿床;近EW向的构造破碎带、弧形构造的扩容带、层间裂隙以及"硅钙面"附近是寻找铁矿的有利部位,在其深部还具有较大找矿潜力。     

Reducing the Common Environmental Effect on Litopenaeus vannamei Body Weight by Rearing Communally at Early Developmental Stages and Using a Reconstructed Pedigree

Heritability estimates may be severely biased when a large common environmental effect on a family arises from a longlasting separate rearing at early stages(SRES) in traditional selective breeding programs, especially when bred populations have weak genetic ties. Communal rearing at early stages(CRES) may reduce common environmental effect since all families are reared in the same environment immediately after hatching. Here, we compared the effects of CRES and SRES strategies on genetic parameter estimation for harvest body weight in a selective breeding population of Litopenaeus vannamei with a small number of half-sib families. Genetic parameters of each strategy were estimated by using animal models excluding and including the common environmental effect(Model 1 and Model 2, respectively). Heritability estimates for body weight were 0.21 ± 0.06(P 0.05) and 0.69 ± 0.09(P 0.05) for CRES and SRES, respectively, in Model 1, and 0.21 ± 0.06(P 0.05) and 0.52 ± 0.27(P 0.05) in Model 2. The ratio of common environmental variance to phenotypic variance was 0.002 ± 0.000 and 0.071 ± 0.112 for CRES and SRES, respectively. Neither strategy precisely partitioned the common environmental variance according to likelihood ratio test. Lower heritability for body weight in CRES than in SRES implied that a large common environmental variance was confounded with additive genetic variance and was not effectively partitioned in SRES. Moreover, genetic correlation of body weight between the two strategies was 0.75 ± 0.15, indicating that family rankings truly changed. The CRES should be followed in the selective breeding program of shrimp, especially in a population with a shallow pedigree and weak genetic ties between families.     

2009年广东省土地利用社会经济效益与生态环境效益协调发展研究

利用文献资料法,主成分分析法和空间分析法,分析广东省土地利用经济效益和生态环境效益空间分异,探讨社会经济效益和生态环境效益协调程度,为广东省土地利用结构优化、功能调整提供决策支持.研究结果表明:广东省土地利用经济效益和生态环境效益空间差异明显,协调发展水平偏低.其中珠江三角洲城市主要表现为生态环境滞后型,珠江三角洲外围城市则主要表现为社会经济滞后型.广东省土地利用的社会经济效益区域差异与经济发展格局基本相符,生态环境效益呈现出与社会经济效益逆向发展的态势.     

环杭州湾城市规划及产业发展对湿地保护的影响

根据浙江省环杭州湾产业带2005 年TM 影像和2005-2020 年城市规划数据, 利用GIS 空间分析方法, 分析了规划期间建设用地扩展对湿地的侵占威胁, 并对湿地退缩的潜在风险 进行分析。结果表明： ① 环杭州湾产业带湿地资源丰富, 类型多样, 分布广泛, 现状建设用地在空间上与湿地交错分布, 关系十分密切。② 未来15 年, 城市建设用地扩展规模大、速 度快, 将侵占大面积湿地, 主要是分布在杭州湾南岸湿地围垦区的坑塘、养殖水面类湿地;宁波、杭州、慈溪是湿地退缩最严重的区域。③ 由于现状建设用地与湿地空间分布紧密相关, 湿地被建设用地侵占的潜在风险整体上较大, 且随着建设用地的扩展, 对湿地的侵占有加剧的趋势。④ 建设用地增长幅度及其规划布局对湿地减少有重要影响, 应通过调整建设用地规划、湿地占用补偿、城市湿地公园建设等措施, 加强湿地保护。     

Genetic Parameters of Body Length and Response to Selection for Growth Across Four Generations of Artemia sinica

To investigate the genetic components of growth in the brine shrimp Artemia sinica, we estimated the genetic parameters of body length and the response to selection using a fully pedigreed population of A. sinica. The base population was generated from four wild founder populations. We tested 4160 offspring in 360 families over four generations for growth and survival performance. Across four generations, we produced full-and half-sib families with nested mating, where two dams were mated to the same sire. Individual body length was measured for each nauplius at day 20 post-hatching. Heritability of body length was estimated across four generations with the restricted maximum likelihood method. The heritability of body length in A. sinica was low(0.14 ± 0.05), and the common environmental effect was 0.14 ± 0.02. We estimated the response to selection for body length by calculating the difference in the mean breeding values between different generations. The accumulated genetic gain in body length was 278.94 μm after three generations of selection. This low response to selection was probably caused by the low heritability of body length, small sample size, and the low selection intensity(50%). The results suggest that A. sinica selective breeding programs must be changed to generate any substantial, sustainable genetic increases in body length. We suggest that optimal genetic gains could be achieved by introducing wild strains into the nuclear breeding population to increase genetic variation, and by increasing the size of the breeding population to allow for increased selection intensity.