The Structure and Formation Conditions of the Callovian–Oxfordian Deposits of Sudak Bay (Crimea)

The composition and origin of the Callovian–Oxfordian deposits of the Sudak Bay were characterized on the basis of the generalization and analysis of our own results, as well as published and unpublished data. The botanical future was first implemented for the geological mapping of the Oxfordian deposits.     

Empirical model of variations in the 630 nm atomic oxygen emission. 2. Temperature

A model of the temperature variations of the atomic oxygen 630 nm emission for the nighttime conditions is created on the basis of the ground-based interferometer measurements of the Doppler temperature by Fabry-Pérot interferometers. On the basis of these measurements, various regular variations and their approximations for temperature evaluations for the given solar and geophysical conditions in the nighttime period of the day are obtained.     

Empirical model of the OI 630 nm emission variations. 3. Emitting layer height

The empirical model of variations in the emitting layer height and parameters has been developed based on an analysis of the rocket measurements of the vertical distributions in the 630 nm intensity. The dependences on the solar zenith angle during a day are most substantial. This dependence is responsible for the character of seasonal variations at different latitudes. The height of the emitting layer increases with increasing solar activity, reflecting a temperature rise in the upper atmosphere. The negative trend—0.35 km yr^?1 in the interval 1964–1990—has been revealed.     

Empirical model of variations in the helium 1083 nm emission. 1. Intensity

The model of variations in the orthohelium 1083 nm emission intensity has been constructed based on the measurements at different stations. The analytical approximations of the nighttime intensity variations depending on the phase age of the Moon, season, solar activity during the 11-year cycle, and geomagnetic disturbances are presented.     

Empirical model of variations in the helium 1083 nm emission. 2. Temperature

Based on the measurements of the ortho helium 1083 nm emission intensity during twilights and on the calculation of its variations depending on the solar zenith angle, the method for determining the atmospheric temperature at heights of 300–1000 km during the nighttime period of day has been developed, taking into account the diurnal and seasonal conditions.     

Empirical model of variations in 656.3-nm hydrogen emission

Based on the measurements of 656.3-nm emission of atomic hydrogen, we constructed a model of variations in its intensity, which describes the dependence of diurnal, lunar, seasonal, latitudinal, and long-term variations, during the 11-year cycle of solar activity, cyclic aperiodic variations, and variations after geomagnetic disturbances.     

Chemical and isotopic (<Superscript>18</Superscript>O/<Superscript>16</Superscript>O and D/<Superscript>1</Superscript>H) composition of groundwaters of central and southern Primorye

Groundwaters of Primorye, including its coastal areas, were studied during the past ten years. The macro-and microelement composition of more than 130 samples showed that shallow groundwaters of southern Primorye with pH ranging between 5.4 and 8.4 contain oxygen (up to 10 mg/l) and typically have a mixed ionic composition. The microelement variations reflect both the natural features of the host rocks and possible anthropogenic pollution in the most populated areas. No seawater intrusions were recognized in the study areas, which is confirmed by the chemical composition of the waters, the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of the groundwaters, the atmospheric precipitation, and the coastal seawaters of Primorye. In spite of the variations of individual components, the quality of the groundwaters used for potable purposes is rather satisfactory as compared to the Russian and the World Health Organization standards. At the same time, taking into account the increase of various microelements and biogenic components in the waters, the monitoring and control of the water composition is strongly recommended to preserve their potable quality.     

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes distribution in carbonates from the Central Barents Sea shelf sediments

Carbonate macrofaunal remains and diagenetic tubes collected from a number of structures in the Central Barents Sea area during the 18th TTR (Training Through Research) cruise were subdivided into three groups according to the results of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes analysis. The first group includes carbonates that were formed from bicarbonate only from surrounding sea waters. The carbonates of the second group were formed during diagenesis with use of mixed sources of bicarbonate. The fourth group includes methane-derived carbonates that were formed as a result of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM).     

Metasedimentary rocks of the paleoarchean Dniester-Bug Group,Ukrainian Shield: Composition,age, and sources

Paleoarchean granulite-facies metasedimentary rocks (quartzites, garnet quartzites, garnet-pyroxene gneisses, pyroxene-magnetite and magnetite quartzites) attributed to the Dniester-Bug Group of the Ukrainian Shield were studied. On the basis of geochemical data, including REE, the primary composition of these rocks was reconstructed as association of Fe-rich sandstones and sublitharenites, Fe-shales, and BIFs. This sedimentary association is similar to the rocks of other ancient greenstone belts and ascribed to the Algama-type iron formation. The sum of Al₂O₃, CaO, Na₂O, and TiO₂, high Zr contents (>100 ppm in quartzites), and the presence of detrital zircon grains of different ages are consistent with the terrigenous nature of sedimentary rocks. The Sm/Nd, Ti/Zr, Sc/Zr, and Ni/Zr ratios indicate the predominance of granitoid rocks in the source areas. The elevated Cr contents suggest that, in addition to granitoids, the source area contained ultramafic rocks. Geochemical characteristics, such as Fe/Mn ratio, low REE contents, and variations of REE versus the sum of Ni, Co, and Cu testify that sedimentation occurred under shallow-water conditions on the continent or its slope, similarly as the formation of ancient (3.5–3.2 Ga) basalt-komatiitic series intercalated with sedimentary rocks in the Pilbara Craton. The age of supracrustal rocks of the Dniester-Bug Group was constrained within the time interval of 3.4–3.2 Ga on the basis of U-Pb zircon dating and determination of Nd isotope composition. The DM model age of quartzites varies from 3.37 to 3.5 Ga. Sedimentary rocks together with volcanic rocks represent the oldest supracrustal association of the East European Platform.