Marine Ingressive Events Recorded in Epicontinental Sequences:Example from the Cretaceous Songliao Basin of NE China in Comparison with the Triassic Central Europe Basin of SW Germany

Songliao Basin is filled predominantly with continental facies sediments including alluvial fan, fluvial plain, fan delta , lacustrine delta, shore ?shallow lacustrine, beach salty flat, semi - deep to deep lacustrine, subaqueous gravity flow, lacustrine swamp and pyroclastic sediments. However, some event units were formed during lake - marine linking periods of the Mid - Cretaceous in the basin, which include black shales with high values for salinity ( Sr/Ba) , alkalinity (Ca Mg)/ (Si Al) , reducibility ( Ni Zn)/Ga and sulfide sulfur as well as heavy isotopes. The Breitenholz ?section to be represen-ted for facies comparison with the Cretaceous evaporitic series in Northeast China is localized in Southwest Germany. Stratig-raphically it belongs to the Crabfeld Formation of Keuper of the Germanic Triassic corresponding to Ladinian - Camian of the international reference scale, and is generally called Lower Gipskeuper. The Germanic Triassic was deposited in the epiconti-nental(cratonic) central Euro     

A numerical method of viscoelastic finite element coupled with spring-block model to simulate the interaction of faults and crustal blocks

A numerical method of viscoelastic finite element coupled with spring-block model is developed to study temporal processes from the slow tectonic motion of large-scale crust to the rapid failure of small-scale faults. Our modeling demonstrates that the motion of crustal blocks is driven by forces from tectonic plate boundaries, and the deformation is distributed on faults for the stress accumulating. The coupling model generates earthquake sequences that display a magnitude-frequency scaling consistent with Gutenberg-Richter law. The frictional heterogeneities affeci earthquakes occurrence and stresses distribution of crustal blocks. Rupture of earthquakes starts at the nucleation node, and propagates bilaterally along faults with the stress triggering, release and redistribution. The failure of faults releases part of crustal stresses, the stress state of crustal blocks near fault is affected by the rupture of local segments on the fault, and the stress state of crustal blocks far away from the fault is controlled by the seismic activity of the whole fault.     

利用卫星测高资料推求西北太平洋海域的海洋大地水准面

本文根据卫星测高数据和海面动力地形资料，绘制了不相上下北太平洋海域局部大地水准面的精细结构图，对解决卫星测高技术中大地水准面积和海面地形的可分性问题作了初步尝试。     

海水网箱养殖石斑鱼病原菌研究

从网箱养殖的石斑Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｙｅｌｕｓｓｐ．中分离出一种致病菌——创伤弧菌Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｖｕｌｎｉｆｉｃｕｓ。本文报道该病原菌的分离、形态、毒力、生理生化特性。该菌毒力较强，感染死亡率可达８０％以上。     

Impact factors on distribution and characteristics of natural plant community in reclamation zones of Changjiang River estuary

To identify impact factors on the distribution and characters of natural plants community in reclamation area, with survey data from 67 plant quadrats in July 2009, soil properties data from 216 sampling points in April 2009, and TM (30 m) data in 2006, the composition and characteristics of natural plants community in different time of the Fengxian area in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary were analyzed with two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results show that: 1) The plant communities in the reclaimed area are mainly mesophytes and helophytic-mesophytic transitional communities, showing a gradient distribution trend with the change in reclamation years. Species richness (MA), species diversity (H) and above-ground biomass also increase with the increase of reclamation years. Nevertheless, they appear to decline slightly in the middle and late reclamation period (> 30 years). 2) With the rise in land use levels, the changes in species richness and species diversity tend to increase at first and then decrease; species dominance (D), however, tends to decline; and above-ground biomass increases slightly. 3) The distribution of the plant community is mainly influenced by the following factors: land use levels (R = 0.55, p < 0.05), soil moisture (R = 0.53, p < 0.05), soil salinity (R = 0.43, p < 0.05) and reclamation time (R = 0.40, p < 0.05).     

A landscape pattern analysis method based on boundaries and nodes: A case study in upper Minjiang River, China

Traditionally,patch-based analysis at the landscape scale fragmentation has been used in the study of landscape ecology while the study of boundary and node has not been considered as much detail until recently.This study investigated the possibility of applying boundary-and node-based methods in landscape pattern analysis to the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in the southwestern China.Boundary-based and node-based landscape indices were selected to be used in analyzing changes in landscape patterns,and the results were compared with analysis using traditional pattern indices.We compared the responses of patch-area-based,boundary-length-based and node-number-based indices,and concluded that boundary-based and node-based indices are more sensitive to disturbance than patch-based indices with various patterns,and node-based indices are even more sensitive than boundary-based ones.Thus,the results suggest that boundary-based and node-based pattern analysis methods provide helpful supplementary information to traditional patch-based pattern analysis methods.The results about pattern dynamics of landscapes in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River based on boundaries and nodes showed that with human disturbance,the dominance of forest landscape was weakened by other landscape types; thus the landscape pattern of the study area became more homogeneous and the boundary network became more complex.These changes further augmented disturbance interfaces in the landscape and increased the possibilities of further landscape fragmentation.     

西影井水位动态异常成因的讨论

西影井自１９７４年观测以来，动态比较稳定，干扰很明显，反映地壳应力变比较灵敏，但从１９８９年１０月中旬开始，出现了大幅度，长时间的复杂多样的异常变化。经过研究，初步认为，这是一次大区域地壳构造运动引起的水位异常。     

Tests for individual Sulfate－Containing Particles in Urban Atmosphere in Beijing

Thin film methods and X ray energy dispersive technique were applied to analyze sulfate-containing particles in Beijing in order to examine their features and sources. Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected on electron mi-croscope meshes according to two size ranges: coarse particles (r>0.5μm) and fine particles (0.5μm≥r≥0.1μm) by using a two-stage impactor. It was found fiat more than seventy percent of the fine particles and about twenty percent of the coarse particles were sulfate-containing particles. These particles were formed mainly through heterogeneous nucleation. The element composition analyses revealed that the atmospheric aerosol particles in Beijing were domi-nated by crustal particles and construction dust.     

海豚链球菌及其胞外产物诱导的牙鲆血清抗体应答分析

海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)是引起鱼类链球菌病的主要致病菌,对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)等养殖鱼类造成巨大危害。本文制备了海豚链球菌强毒株NUF849的福尔马林灭活全菌(FKC)、胞外产物(ECPs)及全菌与胞外产物的混合物(FKC+ECPs),以其免疫牙鲆,在免疫后第42天分别以海豚链球菌NUF849和NUF812攻毒,并在免疫前以及免疫后第7、14、21、28、35、42天与攻毒后第7天取样,分析3种免疫原以及免疫后再攻毒所诱发的血清抗体应答。结果显示,免疫后牙鲆体内产生了分别针对FKC和ECPs的特异性抗体,且各免疫组中FKC诱导的抗体水平较ECPs高,2种抗原间存在一定程度的交叉反应;FKC+ECPs组的两种抗体水平显著高于其他组(P0.05);攻毒后第7天2种抗体水平都显著升高(P0.05),并且免疫原来源菌株NUF849攻毒组的2种抗体水平高于非免疫原来源菌株NUF812攻毒组。攻毒后存活牙鲆的血清对NUF849、NUF812全菌蛋白及其胞外产物进行Western-blot分析,结果显示抗血清与全菌蛋白的阳性反应条带位于25~100kDa,与胞外产物的阳性反应条带位于18~100kDa。本文结果表明灭活海豚链球菌与胞外产物都能够诱发牙鲆产生特异性抗体,二者混合物的免疫效果更好,且NUF849来源的免疫原可以刺激牙鲆产生针对NUF812菌株的交叉保护抗体,为牙鲆海豚链球菌疫苗成分的筛选提供了基础资料。