BD-74型多晶X光衍射仪研制成功

多晶X光衍射法在工业和科研的许多领域已应用多年。近年来,由于粒子探测技术和测角方法的改进,仪器的稳定度、分辨率、重复性不断提高。六十年代以后,多晶衍射术在海洋地质领域也广泛采用。深海钻探船<格洛玛>号就以此法作为海洋海底岩心矿物分析的主要手段。此外,如海洋粘土的层错     

为什么1999年台湾集集地震的同震滑移在破裂平面上表现为向西北方向增大？

1999年集集地震使台湾中西部褶皱逆冲带内的车笼铺逆序逆断层（简称CTF断层）发生了破裂。该破裂的一个重要特征为：计算出的滑移量自车笼铺断层的底部至近地表，沿板块自南东向北西会聚方向，呈现由小到大接近线性增加的趋势。根据长周期和地震周期两个不同时间尺度上应力和位移的研究结果，对同震滑移分布规律的成因给出了一个新的解释模式。在最近的0．5百万年内，造山带前缘的聚合速率被前锋带3条主要的逆断层——彰化断层（简称Ch．F断层）、车笼铺断层和双塘断层（简称Sh．F断层）——来调节。根据先前已发表的平衡地质剖面研究成果，我们估算了彰化断层和车笼铺断层分布调节5％～30％、30％～50％造山带前缘长周期的滑移量。上述长期聚合速率的差异以及震间和震后位移模拟结果表明，车笼铺断层与震间应力载荷方向斜交和彰化断层、车笼铺断层深部递增的无震蠕变，这两个因素共同影响着同震滑移独特的线性分布特征。许多早期对滑移量分布特征及其成因的解释主要考虑到了物质属性、软弱层的滑动作用、场地效应、断层几何学以及地震波动力学等因素的影响。至于各因素对滑移量分布特征的影响程度仍不太清楚。考虑到车笼铺断层倾角的影响，采用了应力集中区的动力学模型来解释同震滑移的总体分布特征。值得一提的是，最近的研究表明集集地震前应力在空间上的不均匀分布可能对同震滑移的分布起到重要的作用。地震活动性分析结果表明，历史大地震不能够解释应力分布的不均。根据我们的研究方法，认为Oglesby和Day（2001）提出的车笼铺断层北面存在一高应力集中区，反映了因车笼铺断层斜交引起的震间耦合在纬向上的变化规律。     

响应谱地震动预测方程中场地效应参数Vs30与场地周期的比较

最近的许多地震动预测方程（GMPE）都使用上30m土层的平均剪切波速度Vs30表示场地效应。然而,在一些研究发现V鹦。是表征场地效应合理参数的同时,另一些研究则给出了相反的证据。本研究使用日本的大地震动数据集对这两个场地效应参数的预测能力进行系统的比较。采用该方法的基础是使用场地周期（Ts,4倍剪切波从基岩到地表的走时）或Vs30对经验模拟场地效应的标准偏差和放大比振幅进行比较。模拟的场地效应除了包括地震动预测方程的场地效应项,还特别包括KiK-net台网的地表与井下记录之间的场地放大比。就KiK—net台网数据而言,对Ts〉0．6s的土层场地,Ts被确定是比Vs。。好的预测参数;而对T。〈0．6s的场地,这两个参数对放大比产生了相似的变异性。在所有场地类别的多数周期上,由地震动预测方程获得的场地效应,Vs30和Ts在统计上相等;而在一些谱周期上,Vs30产生了比Ts小的变异性。KiK-net台网地表一井下记录与地震动预测方程结果的矛盾可能由地震动预测方程中包括震源变异性、路径变异性和场地变异性的大变异性所致。相比之下,KiK-net台网地表一井下数据对的变异性小多了。虽然VS30。和Ts对地震动预测方程的数据产生了统计上相似的标准偏差,但瓦仍然获得了比Vs30更好的中值放大比。     

Evolution of Ore-Forming Fluids and Ag-Cu Polymetal Mineralization in the Lanping Basin, Yunnan

EVOLUTION OF ORE-FORMING FLUIDS AND Ag-Cu POLYMETAL MINERALIZATION IN THE LANPING BASIN, YUNNAN“KeyProjectforResourcesandEconomics” (95 0 2 0 0 1 0 1)oftheMinistryofLandResources     

地倾斜及水文地球化学参数异常与地震活动最佳关系探索

1　ПостановказадачиНадежныйпрогнозвременивозникновенияземлетрясенияможетбытьобеспеченлишькомплексомпрогностическихпараметров. Прогностическаяценностькаждогопараметранеодинакова,какиразличенмеханизмформированияаномальныхэффектоввразличныхполях.Этосоздает…     

地震孕育在地倾斜和流体动力学观测系列中的表现

1　ВведениеВсвязистем,чтоРеспубликаУзбекистанрасположенанасейсмоактивнойтерриторииЗападногоТянь- Шанябольшуюважностьимеютвопросысейсмическогорайонированияипрогнозированияместа,силыивременисильныхземлетрясений. СэтойцельювИнститутесейсмологииАНТУзБылпрове…     

Stream-aquifer interactions: evaluation of depletion volume and residual effects from ground water pumping

Numerical modeling techniques were used to simulate stream-aquifer interactions from seasonal ground water pumping. We used stream-aquifer models in which a shallow stream penetrates the top of an aquifer that discharges ground water to the stream as base flow. Because of the pumping, the volume of base flow discharged to the stream was reduced, and as the pumping continued, infiltration from the stream to the aquifer was induced. Both base-flow reduction and stream infiltration contributed to total stream depletion. We analyzed the depletion rates and volumes of the reduced base flow and induced stream infiltration during pumping and postpumping periods. Our results suggested that for a shallow penetrating stream with a low streambed conductance, base-flow reduction accounts for a significant percentage of the total stream depletion. Its residual effects in postpumping can last very long and may continue into the next pumping season for areas where recharge is nominal. In contrast, the contribution of the induced stream infiltration to the total stream depletion is much smaller, and its effects often become negligible shortly after pumping was stopped. For areas where surface recharge replenishes the aquifer, the residual effects of base-flow reduction and thus its depletion volume will be significantly reduced. A stream of large conductance has a high hydraulic connection to the aquifer, but the relationship between stream conductance and stream depletion is not linear.     

Mercury concentrations in the fur of steller sea lions and northern fur seals from Alaska

We compared total mercury (THg) concentrations in the fur of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from the depleted Pribilof Islands population with those of both declining and thriving populations of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) from Prince William Sound (PWS) and Southeast Alaska (SEA), respectively. Relatively low wet weight concentrations (ranges) of THg were detected in the fur of Steller sea lion (SSL) pups (0.90-3.14 microg/g) and juveniles (0.56-6.75 microg/g) from both areas in 1998 and 2000 compared to northern fur seal (NFS) pups (3.15-8.14 microg/g) in 2000. The mean concentration +/- SD for SSLs sampled were 1.46 +/- 0.64 microg/g for pups (n = 22) and 2.74 +/- 2.89 microg/g for juveniles (n = 6). Analyses indicated higher THg concentrations from SSL pups from PWS compared to the SEA. Mean +/- SD. THg in the NFS pups was 4.90 +/- 1.42 microg/g (n = 34) and for post-partum dams was 7.84 +/- 1.78 microg/g (n = 12).     

沈丘盆地石油地质特征及勘探思路

沈丘盆地是中、新生代交错叠置盆地,具有地质结构复杂、断块发育、非均质性强、渗透性差别大、含油层系多、原油多源等特点,有一定油气前景,但勘探难度较大,不适用常规的勘探开发程序,下一步勘探应以小型断块油气藏和断块—岩性油气藏为主要类型,采用多学科综合研究、多因素综合考虑、多手段协同作战的综合勘探方法,在综合评价的基础上,优选有利区块实施滚动勘探与开发。