2021年5月云南漾濞MS 6.4地震序列发震构造及破裂过程初探

北京时间2021年5月21日21时48分36秒,云南省大理州漾濞县发生M_S 6.4地震。利用云南数字地震台网2021年5月18日至8月22日的震相报告,采用双差地震定位法,对漾濞M_S 6.4地震序列进行重新定位。重新定位结果显示序列呈NW向优势分布,破裂长约20 km,宽约7 km,对重新定位结果进行误差分析,水平方向定位误差约为0.8 km,垂直方向定位误差约为1.0 km,定位结果具有较好的稳定性。依据震中分布的走向将序列划分为NW向的主断层与NNW向的分支断层,主断层存在较为明显的分段现象,分支断层呈雁列状分布。根据小震丛集性发生在大震断层面及其附近的原则,利用重新定位后的小震震源位置反演得到漾濞M_S 6.4序列主断层走向约320°,倾角约89°,深度范围3～13 km。根据拟合得到的断层在地表的投影位置,推测本次地震的发震断层为维西-乔后断裂西侧的草坪断裂。基于断层滑动量分布识别出3个凹凸体,结合序列时空演化特征,分析了漾濞M_S 6.4地震序列的破裂过程,结果显示断层中段的凹凸体发生初始破裂...     

乡镇区域生态环境气象指标初探

基于安徽省来安县区域生态环境气象监测站网数据和卫星遥感数据,选取了能见度、霾频率、温湿适宜频率和植被覆盖度4个因子进行统计分析,从而构建了乡镇区域生态环境的气象评价指标(MEI)。对2015年8月至12月来安县各乡镇的MEI适用性和可靠性进行了试算验证,结果表明MEI能够科学合理地反映各乡镇区域间生态环境质量状况的差异和季节变化差异。本文提出的指标适用于乡镇级及以上的行政区域范围内的霾监测和评估,以及地方社会经济发展对生态环境的影响评估,旨在为乡镇级区域生态环境健康发展提供科学依据。     

Preliminary analyses of landslides and sand liquefaction triggered by 22 May, 2021, Maduo Mw 7.3 earthquake on Northern Tibetan Plateau,China

During the Maduo Earthquake (MDEq) (M_w 7.3), which occurred on 22 May 2021 in the northern Tibetan Plateau, coseismic surface ruptures, numerous land liquefaction instances and landslides, were triggered along the NW strike of the?~?160 km long aftershock zone. We performed three times emergency field surveys (22 May to 3 Jun., 28 Jun. to 14 Jul., 8–24 Oct., 2021) with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) orthophoto and digital elevation model (DEM) data. We found a discontinuous coseismic surface rupture zone along with loose sediment, severe sand liquefaction regions with an area of?~?10³ km² along the Yellow River and its tributaries. More than 23 coseismic landslides had been checked with relative small-size volume for limited local terrain relief. Three of those landslides had relatively small source areas and volumes and affected relatively large areas. We identified numerous tension cracks in and around the trailing edges, which could trigger more landslides in the future. Further detailed research into the occurrence of these three landslides will reveal the failure mechanism of the earthquake (shaking)–freeze–thaw effect–rainfall disaster chain. Here, we present basic information to aid the overall understanding of the preliminary characteristics of coseismic earthquake-triggered landslides, sand liquefaction, and possible follow-up disasters.

     

The Spatial Distribution and Attribute Parameter Statistics of Landslides Triggered by the May 12th, 2008, MW7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake

A complete landslide inventory and attribute database is the importantly fundamental for the study of the earthquake-induced landslide. Substantial landslides were triggered by the M_W7.9 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12^th, 2008. Google Earth images of pre- and post-earthquakes show that 52 194 co-seismic landslides were recognized and mapped, with a total landslides area of 1 021 km².Based on the statistics,we assigned all landslide parameters and established the co-seismic landslides database, which includes area, length, and width of landslides, elevation of the scarp top and foot edge, and the top and bottom elevations of each located slope. Finally, the spatial distribution and the above attribute parameters of landslides were analyzed. The results show that the spatial distribution of the co-seismic landslides is extremely uneven. The landslides that mainly occur in a rectangular area (a width of 30 km of the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault and a length of 120 km between Yingxiu and Beichuan) are obviously controlled by surface rupture, terrain, and peak ground acceleration. Meanwhile, a large number of small landslides (individual landslide area less than 10 000 m²)contribute less to the total landslides area. The number of landslides larger than 10 000 m² accounts for 38.7% of the total number of co-seismic landslides, while the area of those landslides account for 88% of the total landslides area. The 52 194 co-seismic landslides are caused by bedrock collapse that usually consists of three parts:source area, transport area, and accumulation area. However, based on the area-volume power-law relationship, the resulting regional landslide volume may be much larger than the true landslide volume if the landslide volume is calculated using the influenced area from each landslide.     

可地浸砂岩型铀矿床γ能谱勘查方法的新进展

本文介绍了一种具有现场测定铀镭平衡系数（Ｋｐ）功能的伽玛能谱仪。该仪器消除了普通γ谱仪给出的异常值偏高或偏低的缺陷。经在二连盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿床上的试验,表明其对深部铀成矿沉积地质环境的研究和铀矿定位具有实用价值。     

多跨输液管的稳定性及动力响应

本文研究了在工程中常见的支承在多个弹性支座上的输液管系，用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理和有限元法建立管道系统的运动方程，通过求解带有陀螺矩阵的振动方程组的特征值问题计算了这种管系的临界流速，结果表明，前两阶模态的临界流速相同，且明显高于单跨管的最低临界流速；用威尔逊－θ逐步积分法考察了管系在临界流速附近对扰动的响应，结果表明，当小于临界流速时，响应主要是低频周期振动；反之，则位移随时间按指数增长     

利用sPn震相测定台湾海峡M6.2地震震源深度

采用波形互相关技术获得Pn震相准确到时,然后应用滑动时窗相关法获取sPn与Pn震相的走时差,通过该走时差测定台湾海峡M6.2地震震源深度为14.7 km,并对测定的结果进行分析解释。对比本文计算结果与CAP方法的反演结果得出,本文研究方法更加方便、快捷、精确。     

"智能+"地震监测预警技术平台设计

立足于一线地震科研人员进行人工智能技术应用研究的实际需求,从地震监测预警技术系统在线生产的角度出发,设计了一个"智能+"地震监测预警技术平台.该平台在现有地震监测预警技术系统的基础上,增加了人工智能技术的核心模块,即智能模型训练平台.通过提供该平台的逻辑架构设计、物理架构设计、网络架构设计和人工智能框架选择,希望该设计方案能给同业内人工智能技术的应用提供一个新的思路.     

甘肃北山地区小西弓金矿床成矿流体性质及矿床成因

小西弓金矿床位于甘肃北山造山带南部,矿体受NWW向次级断裂控制,赋矿围岩主要为中元古界西尖山群变质岩。成矿过程可分为3个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段(早阶段)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(主成矿阶段)和石英-碳酸盐阶段(晚阶段)。对主成矿阶段石英中的流体包裹体、微量元素和氢、氧同位素开展研究,以期查明成矿流体性质,探讨矿床成因。主成矿阶段石英中主要发育气液两相水溶液包裹体、CO₂-H₂O三相包裹体和纯液相CO₂包裹体,均一温度介于194~397 ℃,盐度为2.2%~8.9% NaCl_eqv,密度为0.63~0.98 g/cm³。利用CO₂-H₂O三相包裹体计算出主成矿阶段流体包裹体捕获压力为257~395 MPa,成矿深度为9.5~14.6 km。流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼光谱分析与石英微量元素特征表明,成矿流体为中高温、低盐度、中低密度的CO₂-H₂O-NaCl±CH₄体系,且具有相对还原性的特点。主成矿阶段石英的δD_V-SMOW值为-100.2‰~-75.6‰,δ¹⁸ {\mathrm{O}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}} 值为+4.15‰~+8.31‰,主成矿阶段流体以变质水为主,流体不混溶作用是金富集成矿的重要机制。综合分析认为,小西弓金矿床为中深成造山型金矿床。     

基于人工神经网络的仪器地震烈度预测模型研究

地震发生后,针对能够快速预测震中附近的烈度分布情况的问题,首先对632次地震触发的台站进行筛选,对2 231个台站触发后20 s内有效的7个地震动参数以及震级和震源距的信息进行提取,并利用人工神经网络对所选数据样本进行训练,建立三种有效的预测模型。研究结果显示模型一所选的输入参数为7个,不利用震源参数,在预测中有着较好的时效性,从第1 s到20 s,预测的平均烈度差值逐渐减小到0.45;模型二所选的输入参数为8个,利用了震源距信息,可以用于烈度级别的预测,预测的平均烈度差值逐渐减小到0.36;模型三所选的输入参数为9个,预测结果较好,可用于震后烈度场的实时预测,平均烈度差值逐渐减小到0.31。利用提出的3种模型对两次地震事件进行烈度预测,预测烈度差值取整后分别有95%和76%以上在1以内,有着较好的结果,可以用于地震预警当中。