北黄海沉积物——水界面反硝化速率及影响因素研究

探讨近海氮的循环机制,采用乙炔抑制法和现场静态箱法对北黄海夏季局部海域的反硝化速率进行了研究,该海域反硝化速率在2.5~5.8μmol/m2.h之间,平均4.85μmol/m2.h。影响其反硝化速率的主要因素为溶解氧,其次是温度。北黄海的反硝化速率低于珠江口和长江口海域。     

Results of TV imaging of Phobos (Experiment VSK-Fregat)

From February to March 1989 the Phobos 2 spacecraft took 37 TV images of Phobos at a distance of 190-1100 km. These images complement Mariner-9 and Viking data by providing higher-resolution coverage of a large region West of the crater Stickney (40-160 degrees W) and by providing disk-resolved measurements of surface brightness at a greater range of wavelengths and additional phase angles. These images have supported updated mapping and characterization of large craters and grooves, and have provided additional observations of craters' and grooves' bright rims. Variations in surface visible/near-infrared color ratio of almost a factor of 2 have been recognized; these variations appear to be associated with the ejecta of specific large impact craters. Updated determinations of satellite mass and volume allow calculation of a more accurate value of bulk density, 1.90 +/- 0.1 g cm-3. This is significantly lower than the density of meteoritic analogs to Phobos' surface, suggesting a porous interior perhaps containing interstitial ice.     

Petrogenesis and geotectonic setting of the PanAfrican basement rocks in Bamenda Massif, Obudu Plateau, southeastern Nigeria： Evidence from trace element geochemistry

1 IntroductionThe study area is part of the Obudu Plateau,which forms part of the Precambrian Pan-African tec-tonothermal belt, lying between the West African Cra-ton and the Gabon-Congo Craton ( Fig. 1). It isbounded by the Benue Trough, in the NE-SW axi…     

The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i.e     

The Best Natural Boundary:a New Concept Developed by Combining the Sequence Boundary with the GSSP

Through a detailed study of sequence boundaries, it is concluded that sequence stratigraphy is an independent regional and transitional stratigraphic system between local lithostratigraphy and global chronostratigraphy. Therefore, a new tripartite stratigraphic classification scheme has been proposed. By combining organically the concept of sequence boundaries with the GSSP, it is suggested that the GSSP should be chosen in a conformale portion of a related sequence boundary, and the boundary established in light of this concept is defined as the Best Natural Boundary (BNB). The definition of the BNB points out the working area and stratigraphic level for the GSSP. By referring to a case study of the Permian Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary, the concept of the BNB has been elaborated in detail, and it is proposed that the BNB of the Guadalupian and the Lopingian lies between the Mesogondolella granti Zone and the Ctarkina postbitteri Zone, which is also the sequence chronostratigraphic boundary between th     

新报告制定地球科学未来进程计划

上个世纪，地球科学的发展已具有很强的了解和预测地球系统事件的能力。过去的10年，定量地球科学研究蓬勃发展。随着观测系统和计算工具的进步，人们能以前所未有的时空分辨率来模拟和预测地球物理过程，地球科学也将继续加速发展。随着这些进步，需要反思地球科学研究的现状，重新评估地球科学研究发展的方向和明确能实现的现实目标。     

2014—2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件的气候影响

2014—2016年,赤道中东太平洋发生了一次超强厄尔尼诺事件,此次事件于2015年11月达到峰值,12月开始衰减。其峰值强度超过了1951年以来另外两次超强厄尔尼诺事件（1982/1983年和1997/1998年）的强度,成为了1951年以来最强的事件。截至2016年4月,事件已持续20个月,也成为了1951年以来持续时间最长的厄尔尼诺事件。在这次事件的发展过程中,热带太平洋至东亚副热带地区的大气环流表现出了显著的响应特征：赤道中东太平洋对流活动加强,异常上升运动发展,而赤道西太平洋对流活动受抑制,异常下沉运动控制;菲律宾附近异常反气旋生成并发展加强,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、西伸脊点异常偏西,尤其2015年冬季副热带高压强度为1980年以来最强。与此同时,2015年秋、冬季,我国长江以南大部降水偏多,尤其冬季华南地区（广东、广西、海南三省区）平均降水量达历史第一,较常年偏多1.6倍以上。近期,超强厄尔尼诺正处于衰减阶段,但是考虑到热带印度洋暖海温的“接力”作用,厄尔尼诺事件对2016年春、夏季我国气候异常的影响可能仍将持续。     

土壤剖面的磁学特征及其对交通污染的指示意义——以北京首都机场高速公路为例

对北京首都机场高速公路旁采集的土壤柱状T01剖面的磁学参数和金属元素分析,探讨了研究区内现代交通导致的土壤磁学性质的变化及其对环境污染的响应.结果表明,磁参数(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属含量呈同步垂向变化趋势.来源于交通运输排放的污染物是土壤剖面上部(0～8 cm)磁性和金属含量增强的主要原因,8cm以下,土壤基本未受到污染,磁性矿物和重金属含量较低,磁性颗粒变化稳定,基本代表了该地区土壤的自然背景.尽管土壤岩石磁学分析表明剖面上下部受污染和未受污染样品的磁载体均是粒度较粗的多畴磁铁矿,但是结合磁参数比值曲线,说明底部样品的磁颗粒的粒度较顶部偏细.磁性矿物的含量变化没有影响磁颗粒的粒度特征.指标聚类等相关分析表明,土壤磁参数(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属元素(Pb,Zn和Cu)含量显著相关;结合模糊聚类分析,磁参数可用于追踪、识别交通污染物质在土壤剖面中的富集、迁移状态,揭示不同深度土壤的污染程度.     

我们需要一门新地图学吗?

“新地图学”是近年来国际地图学者们议论的一个热点。本文提出了另一种观点,代表了另一部分学者意见。本文作者现任西德地图学协会主席,在1987年墨西哥ICA国际学术讨论会上,由作者本人宣读了该文。