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1.
This paper discusses the use of Hermite polynomial in the derivation of statistical properties of waves, wave field kinematics and dynamics and wave forces under various conditions. Specifically, covariance functions and approximate spectra are obtained for (1) wave force on vertical cylinder according to Morison's formula, (2) horizontal fluid particle velocity considering the effects of free surface fluctuations, and (3) elevation of breaking waves. 相似文献
2.
气候转型与早期人类迁徙 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目前的旧石器考古证据表明,更新世早期可能发生了两次人类迁徙浪潮,时间分别在1.8-1.6MaBP和1.0MaBP左右,第一阶段,古人类演化为直立人并开始走出非洲、迁徙至其它中低纬度的热带-亚热带地区;第二阶段,直立人开始占据中高纬度的温带和干旱-半干旱地区。这两个阶段也是第四纪气候发生转型、环境产生重大调整的时期。二者在发生时间上的一致性揭示了它们之间的内在联系,推测气候转型时期环境转变是这两次人类迁徙浪潮的主要驱动力。 相似文献
3.
两个冰期-间冰期旋回的黄土记录及其古气候意义 总被引:9,自引:14,他引:9
北京邻区枣沟、斋堂和赤峰黄土-古土壤剖面粒度和磁化率变化在幅度和相位上都有明显的差异。在两个冰期-间冰期旋回,磁化率记录具有冰量变化模式,而粒度记录具有轨道周期特点,粒度和磁化率之间的相位关系在从冰期向间冰期转换和冰期向间冰期过渡的过程中,既有滞后也有超前的表现,很难单纯以成土作用来解释。由于黄土粒度主要反映粉尘源区环境和古风场强度的变化,而磁化率主要记录的是沉积区的成壤作用,反映夏季风的强度变化,因此剖面粒度和磁化率变化的不协调说明古风场和粉尘源区变化与粉尘沉积区气候变化之间不统一。这可能意味着控制夏季风强度变化和控制冬季风强度变化的机制存在差异。 相似文献
4.
5.
Y. -K. Tung K. -C. Yeh J. -C. Yang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(2):145-171
Hydrologic regionalization is a useful tool that allows for the transfer of hydrological information from gaged sites to ungaged
sites. This study developed regional regression equations that relate the two parameters in Nash's IUH model to the basin
characteristics for 42 major watersheds in Taiwan. In the process of developing the regional equations, different regression
procedures including the conventional univariate regression, multivariate regression, and seemingly unrelated regression were
used. Multivariate regression and seeming unrelated regression were applied because there exists a rather strong correlation
between the Nash's IUH parameters. Furthermore, a validation study was conducted to examine the predictability of regional
equations derived by different regression procedures. The study indicates that hydrologic regionalization involving several
dependent variables should consider their correlations in the process of establishing the regional equations. The consideration
of such correlation will enhance the predictability of resulting regional equations as compared with the ones from the conventional
univariate regression procedure. 相似文献
6.
K. -C. Yeh J. -C. Yang Y. -K. Tung 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(2):173-192
Hydrologic model parameters obtained from regional regression equations are subject to uncertainty. Consequently, hydrologic
model outputs based on the stochastic parameters are random. This paper presents a systematic analysis of uncertainty associated
with the two parameters, N and K, in Nash's IUH model from different regional regression equations. The uncertainty features
associated with N and K are further incorporated to assess the uncertainty of the resulting IUH. Numerical results indicate
that uncertainty of N and K from the regional regression equations are too significant to be ignored. 相似文献
7.
Hydrologic model parameters obtained from regional regression equations are subject to uncertainty. Consequently, hydrologic
model outputs based on the stochastic parameters are random. This paper presents a systematic analysis of uncertainty associated
with the two parameters, N and K, in Nash's IUH model from different regional regression equations. The uncertainty features
associated with N and K are further incorporated to assess the uncertainty of the resulting IUH. Numerical results indicate
that uncertainty of N and K from the regional regression equations are too significant to be ignored. 相似文献
8.
9.
T. Y. Lee J. C. Huang L. Y. Liao C. S. Tzeng C. H. Yang P. K. Kalita C. P. Tung 《水文研究》2012,26(24):3635-3644
Reducing or stabilizing the stream temperature of ChiChiaWan Creek is a crucial work for Formosan Landlocked Salmon because ChiChiaWan Creek is the only one habitat for this endangered species. Planting trees in the riparian zone would be one of the alternatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of several planting strategies on daily maximum stream temperature along the river. The results showed the effective vegetative shading angles should be more than 50° along ChiChiaWan Creek to reduce the direct solar radiation heating effectively. Upstream planting with 70° vegetative shading angle could be the most effective way among all the scenarios. However, this planting strategy could not improve the worst situations in summer because of the large solar elevation angles. The upstream planting in ChiChiaWan Creek was strongly recommended because the canopies could be easier to extend to totally cover the narrow width of river producing the most effective shades. Practicing the upstream planting with 90° vegetative shading angle can increase more than 1 km long suitable habitats for the endangered Salmon in summer. Alternatively, the west‐side planting scenario was the second effective way for temperature reduction. Our result provided a useful suggestion for the authorities in charge of saving the Formosan Landlocked Salmon, particularly under the stress of global warming. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Vincent J Realmuto Ken Hon Anne B Kahle Elsa A Abbott David C Pieri 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1992,55(1-2):33-44
Multispectral thermal infrared radiance measurements of the Kupaianaha flow field were acquired with the NASA airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) on the morning of 1 October 1988. The TIMS data were used to map both the temperature and emissivity of the surface of the flow field. The temperature map depicted the underground storage and transport of lava. The presence of molten lava in a tube or tumulus resulted in surface temperatures that were at least 10° C above ambient. The temperature map also clearly defined the boundaries of hydrothermal plumes which resulted from the entry of lava into the ocean. The emissivity map revealed the boundaries between individual flow units within the Kupaianaha field. In general, the emissivity of the flows varied systematically with age but the relationship between age and emissivity was not unique. Distinct spectral anomalies, indicative of silica-rich surface materials, were mapped near fumaroles and ocean entry sites. This apparent enrichment in silica may have resulted from an acid-induced leaching of cations from the surfaces of glassy flows. Such incipient alteration may have been the cause for virtually all of the emissivity variations observed on the flow field, the spectral anomalies representing areas where the acid attack was most intense. 相似文献