水文地质空间信息系统的设计与实现

本文系统地分析了水文地质空间信息系统的系统结构、功能需求，实现了以GIS技术为支撑、水文地质空间数据库为基础、水文地质空间分析为核心的水文地质空间信息系统的系统功能。     

基于RS&GIS的西部干旱区植被覆盖变化的研究

以新疆阜康地区为研究区,利用遥感和GIS技术及数理统计学方法,利用ERDAS软件,通过对70年代MSS和2000年ETM影象的几何校正、图象增强、应用目视解译方法,在地理信息系统软件ArcGIS中编制两期生态景观图,利用矢栅转换和叠置功能来研究土地及植被类型的面积及空间分布状况在两期图中的变化,并通过土地利用与土地覆被变化来研究70年代到2000年西部干旱区土地及植被类型变化过程和趋势。     

基于GIS技术的公路选线多因素综合分析研究

应用ＧＩＳ技术的空间分析功能及层次分析的方法,实现公路选线多因素的综合分析。经实例验证,本文的研究方法对实际的公路选线工程是行之有效的。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines in small cetaceans from Hong Kong waters: levels, profiles and distribution

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in the blubber, liver and kidney of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in Hong Kong coastal waters during 1995–2001. Among the organohalogen compounds analyzed, DDTs were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 9.9 to 470 μg/g lipid wt. PBDEs in Hong Kong cetaceans, which are reported for the first time, were detected in all the samples with values ranging from 0.23 to 6.0 μg/g lipid wt., with a predominance of BDE-47. Results from this study suggest PBDEs should be classified as priority pollutants in Asia. Higher concentrations were found in humpback dolphins than in finless porpoises, and this was attributed mainly to differences in habitat. Elevated residues of PCBs and DDTs in some cetaceans suggest these species may be at risk.     

A procedure for identifying significant environmental aspects in sea ports

A new methodology has been designed to identify and rank the significant environmental aspects in sea ports. The main objective of the Strategic Overview of Significant Environmental Aspects (SOSEA) is to help port managers to identify significant environmental aspects and to reinforce the awareness about them in order to prioritise work in environmental management. Developed in close collaboration with port environmental managers and tested in a set of ports, it is a user-friendly tool that can be applied in approximately half a working day. It is based on ISO 14001 vocabulary and requirements and it can be considered as the base for the implementation of any Environmental Management System for port communities.     

Bioavailability of heavy metals bound to sediments affected by a mining spill using Solea senegalensis and Scrobicularia plana

After the Aznalcóllar mining spill (April, 1998) different ecosystems along the Guadiamar river and the Guadalquivir estuary were impacted by high concentrations of metals. The concentration of metals Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and As has been detected as a good tracer of the pathway of the toxic spill. Different individuals of the fish Solea senegalensis and the clam Scrobicularia plana were exposed to contaminated sediments after the accidental spill in the south-west Spain. The induction of metallothioneins in fish and the bioaccumulation of metals in clams were determined in different tissues to determine the biological adverse effect associated with the heavy metals from the spill. A relationship between the enrichment of metals in the tissues and the induction of metallothioneins was determined for those assays performed using contaminated sediments. The bioaccumulation of metals indicates that the risk associated with the spill should be continuously evaluated to establish the sublethal effects related to the accident.     

空间信息数据库面向对象的设计方法

面向对象的空间数据库建设对于GIS广泛应用于国民经济生产部门具有越来越重要的基础性作用．ArcGIS中的GeoDataBase采用面向对象的数据模型，实现了空间数据与属性数据的无缝集成，允许用户为其数据添加行为、属性和关系，能更好地描述海量、复杂的空间信息数据．本文阐述了基于GeoDataBase的空间数据库的设计、实现过程，并对实现过程中的一些问题作了说明。     

基于数字高程模型的水系自动生成

为从数字高程模型(DEM)中自动提取区域水流特征,分析了DEM中地形的形态特征,并进行洼地填充和平地抬升的预处理,应用坡面流模拟方法进行了水流方向的确定及水流方向数字阵列的生成,最后根据水流方向阵列和河流栅格网络图生成需要的水系,其结果与手工数字化的水系基本一致,证明该方法是有效的。