基于均一化资料的中国大陆极端温度的长期趋势

近百年来,全球气候变暖。这与暖日和暖夜增加,冷日和冷夜减少相关联。文章研究结果进一步证实了这一发现。本文基于1960-2012年中国大陆542个台站均一化气温资料,通过将中国大陆划分为8个次区域,利用百分位定义法计算了极端温度指数序列,同时,运用时间趋势分析法,对中国大陆各区域极端温度和极端温度指数的时空分布及变化趋势特征进行了分析。结果表明:在全球变暖的背景下,从地理分布而言,中国大陆在过去53年除西南地区外,大部分地区最低和最高温度有显著的升高趋势,其中,东北温度升高最为明显;从季节而言,冬季极端温度升高最为明显,夏季升高最少;最低温度明显升高,最高温度也有所升高,但是最低温度的升高幅度更大。冷夜和冷日出现频率呈减少趋势,暖夜和暖日出现频率呈增加趋势,其中以冷夜指数变化最为突出,均呈现一种区域差异的现象。本文利用更新的资料验证了前人的工作,也进一步分区分析,结果可为更多地区评估以及进一步的相关研究提供参考。     

Temporal-Spatial Variation of Surface Suspended Matter and Controlling Factors in the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea in Winter

Based on the observed surface suspended matter in the East China Sea in February 2007 and June 2015, an empirical model was established using L1 b's band 4 data to retrieve surface suspended matter from the Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer Terra imagery. The squared correlation coefficient is 0.8358, and the root mean square error is 0.4285 mg L-1. The model reflects the distribution characteristics of surface suspended matter in the inner shelf of the East China Sea. In this paper, the satellite images of the study area were retrieved in January from 2001 to 2015, and the monthly distribution of surface suspended matter were obtained. The inter-annual distribution of the study area is similar, and the concentration of surface suspended matter is higher near the shore than offshore. A large amount of surface suspended matter is transported southeast under the influence of Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current and Taiwan warm current. Only a small amount of surface suspension can reach the Kuroshio area. The surface suspended matter concentration changes obviously near the estuary because of the effect of differences in the flux of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, winter monsoon, temperature front, El Ni?o events, and other factors affect the distribution of surface suspended matter in 100 m isobath to coastal water but minimally influence the distribution in 100 m isobath to deep sea.     

Growth inhibition and oxidative stress in two species of marine diatoms exposed to 1-phenylethanol

1-phenylethanol (1-PEA) is a flavor extensively used in the production of cosmetics, beverages, and food. The release of 1-PEA into coastal environments has aroused great concern. However, its potential effects on marine organisms are still unknown. In order to provide a better understanding of the ecological risks of 1-PEA in marine environments, this study determined the toxic effects of 1-PEA on two marine diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum). The diatoms were grown in culture medium containing different concentrations of 1-PEA for 96 h. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured at the end of the exposure period. 1-PEA was shown to significantly inhibit the growth of diatoms, with 96-h EC50 values of 257.14 mg/Land 126.46 mg/L in P. tricornutum and S. costatum, respectively. In P. tricornutum, the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and MDA were stimulated only when 1-PEA concentrations were close to or greater than the 96-h EC50 value. However, in S. costatum, the activities of SOD and CAT, and the syntheses of two chlorophylls were inhibited even at an exposure concentration below the 96-h EC50 value. Taken together, these findings indicate a potential ecological risk by discharging 1-PEA into coastal areas and its species-specific toxic effects on marine organisms.     

Growth inhibition and oxidative stress in two species of marine diatoms exposed to 1-phenylethanol

1-phenylethanol(1-PEA)is a flavor extensively used in the production of co smetics,beverages,and food.The release of 1-PEA into coastal environments has aroused great concern.However,its potential effects on marine organisms are still unknown.In order to provide a better understanding of the ecological risks of 1-PEA in marine environments,this study determined the toxic effects of 1-PEA on two marine diatoms(Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum).The diatoms were grown in culture medium containing different concentrations of 1-PEA for 96 h.The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll c,glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA),and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPx),were measured at the end of the exposure period.1-PEA was shown to significantly inhibit the growth of diatoms,with 96-h EC_(50) values of 257.14 mg/L and 126.46 mg/L in P.tricornutum and S.costatum,respectively.In P.tricornutum,the levels of SOD,CAT,GPx,GSH,and MDA were stimulated only when 1-PEA concentrations were close to or greater than the 96-h EC_(50)value.However,in S.costatum,the activities of SOD and CAT,and the syntheses of two chlorophylls were inhibited even at an exposure concentration below the 96-h EC_(50) value.Taken together,these findings indicate a potential ecological risk by discharging 1-PEA into coastal areas and its species-specific toxic effects on marine organisms.     

南方集约农区农牧结合对农业可持续发展的作用

为寻求该区农业可持续发展的途径,作者在分析其农业可持续发展的主要制约因素基础上,对农牧结合在实现农业可持续发展中的功能作了全面论述。结果表明,农牧结合是实现该区农业可持续发展的一条有效途径。最后还提出了该农区农牧结合的可行途径及有效措施     

胶北隆起硅化蚀变岩型金矿床的发现及其意义

硅化蚀变岩型金矿发现于胶北隆起招掖成矿带，矿体产于韧性剪切带，其产状与本区其他类型金矿不同。金矿石为含金长英质糜棱岩，硅化发育。主要金属矿物是，黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、自然金、银金矿、硫碲铋矿。与黄铁绢英岩化蚀变岩型金矿相比，微量元素Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ含量明显偏高，而Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｈｇ含量明显偏低。其成因类型为大气降水变质水热液型金矿。其成矿深度大，是胶北地区深部找矿的重要新类型。     

四川平武-南坪地区的含金地质建造特征及找矿方向

通过该区岩石、地球化学及数学地质等方面的研究,认为中一晚元古界碧口群中部的碎屑岩组之上段为原生含金地质建造,而志留系茂县群之上部海相碎屑岩系转生含金建造.在褶皱带及台隆有利的构造部位,是超微粒型金矿床的成矿远景区.     

大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布

大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体已成为中国陆相盆地岩性油气藏最重要的勘探目标。通过对现代典型湖盆浅水三角洲的深入分析,结合我国中、新生代大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体的地质研究,取得以下主要进展与认识：①在分析浅水三角洲形成地质背景的基础上,按照供源体系、湖水深度及三角洲前缘倾斜坡度将湖盆三角洲分为9种成因结构类型;②建立了毯式浅水曲流河三角洲的沉积模式,指出末端分流河道及末端决口扇是浅水曲流河三角洲的典型微相类型;③分析了浅水三角洲砂体大面积分布的形成条件,指出敞流湖盆是湖盆中心浅水三角洲砂体发育的重要条件,敞流通道对湖盆中心砂体分布有重要控制作用;④湖盆中心发育河流、三角洲、湖流及密度底流砂体等牵引流成因砂体,也发育洪水浊积扇及滑塌浊积扇等重力流成因砂体;⑤大型浅水三角洲体系三级层序界面对岩性（成岩）圈闭的发育有重要控制作用,三角洲平原带层序界面上覆叠置砂体富集岩性油气藏,勘探潜力大。本文研究成果希对坳陷湖盆沉积学研究及岩性油气藏勘探能有推动作用。     

山东省旅游化水平与旅游经济贡献率协调关系研究

利用变异系数法构建旅游化水平测度指标体系,同时构建旅游经济贡献率模型、旅游化水平与旅游经济贡献率错位指数模型,对山东省17个地级市市域旅游化水平、旅游经济贡献率及两者之间的协调关系进行测度.研究表明:山东省17个地级市旅游化水平、旅游经济贡献率市际之间均存在明显差异;旅游化水平与资源禀赋条件密切相关,山东省旅游化水平较高的城市在沿海地区和陆域腹地数量分布较为均衡;沿海地区旅游经济贡献率市际差异明显高于内陆腹地,少数高旅游经济贡献率的城市带动提升了山东省整体旅游经济贡献率;山东省各地级市旅游化水平与旅游经济贡献率之间均存在错位关系,依据错位方向和错位程度的不同可划分为正向强错位、正向弱错位、负向弱错位和负向强错位4种类型,分析每种错位类型产生的原因并提出促进旅游化水平和城市经济协调发展的建议.     

内蒙古宁城地区煌斑岩与金矿

内蒙古宁城地区出露加里东海西期煌斑岩脉群，其中云斜煌斑岩内，沿燕山期韧性剪切片理化带，分布金矿体。煌斑岩是客观找金的标志。金矿体中硅化，绿泥石化，方解石化发育。主要金属矿物是黄铁矿。金主要以显微次显微自然金包裹体，赋存于黄铁矿内。