Probabilistic prediction of the spatial distribution of potential key blocks during tunnel surrounding rock excavation

Jointed network simulations tend to be more random in nature due to the uncertainty of rock mass structures. In this paper, a series of jointed network models can be established in batches using Monte Carlo simulation (MSC) and loop iteration. Taking the joints, tunnel profile and their intersections as the edges E and vertices V of graph G, the jointed network model can serve as an unweighted undigraph. Then, the breadth-first search is introduced to search the closed paths around the tunnel profile, such as the potential key blocks. With batch simulation of network models, the spatial distribution characteristics and probability distribution rules of blocks can be automatically analysed during the search process. For comparison, the Laohushan tunnel of the Jinan Belt Expressway in China has been analysed using the breadth-first search, discontinuous deformation analysis method and procedure of “Finding the Key Blocks-Unrolled Tunnel Joint Trace Maps”. Each simulation starts from the same probabilistic model of geometrical parameters of joints but develops differently with different outcomes. The spatial distribution rule of potential key blocks simulated by the aforementioned batch jointed network models is essentially identical to the actual rockfall during tunnel excavation.

     

Design of a Displacement Monitoring System Based on Optical Grating and Numerical Verification in Geomechanical Model Test of Water Leakage of Tunnel

The displacement monitoring of surrounding rock is necessary in geomechanical model test. However, traditional monitoring technology is difficult to meet the needs of displacement monitoring in small geological model tests. To solve the problems mentioned above, the authors developed a multi-point displacement monitoring system based on optical grating including multi-point extensometer, grating scale and multi-channel data acquisition system. Firstly, 3D anchor head with six barbs is designed and connected to the grating ruler by the steel wire, which proved to be rather sensitive to the rock deformation. Additionally, the displacement data collected can be transformed into electrical signal, which can be obtained by multi-channel acquisition system. Finally, the system was used in the model test of tunnel water leakage. The designed anchors were pre-embedded in some key monitoring points around the section in order to investigate measurement of displacements in the lining during the loading of geostress and hydraulic pressure. Afterward, FLAC^3D, the finite-difference method, is adopted to simulate the whole process of physical model test and to compare with the experimental results. The results show that the experimental data was in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. In conclusion, the multi-point displacement monitoring system based on optical grating has higher precision and can be widely used in the physical model test of geotechnical engineering.     

隧道衬砌渗漏水病害模型试验系统的研制及应用

随着我国隧道通车里程与运营时间的不断增长,越来越多的隧道进入病害高发期,地下水是导致隧道病害最为严重的因素之一,容易诱发衬砌发生渗漏水等病害,为研究隧道衬砌渗漏水病害发生机制,研制了三维地质力学模型试验系统,开展了不同埋深条件下隧道衬砌渗漏水病害模型试验研究。该系统由可拓展模型试验台架、地应力模拟加载装置、地下水模拟加载装置、多场信息实时监测装置和衬砌渗漏水实时量测装置等组成,利用油压千斤顶和多功能加载水泵,采用分级加载方式可对隧道不同埋深进行模拟。将该系统应用于隧道衬砌渗漏水病害模型试验研究,通过对渗漏水量、渗压和位移等信息进行分析,揭示了不同埋深条件下穿越交叉断层隧道衬砌渗漏水病害的演化规律,并对堵排结合治理方案进行了初步研究,验证了排水对降低衬砌渗漏水量的积极作用,试验结果与运营期开元隧道衬砌渗漏水病害工程实例吻合良好,证明该系统稳定可靠,其研究方法及结果可为相关工程提供一定的参考。