吸收式造波机和宽式波浪槽

介绍一种宽式波浪槽，槽中设有一组吸收式造波机，它能吸收反射波。     

Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast

The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators.     

浅成低温热液贵金属体系中金与氧化硅的胶体搬运(内华达州斯利泊矿床获得的证据)

内华达州斯利泊(Sleeper)矿床富矿脉型金矿石,系在小于500米的深度范围内沉淀形成,并具有细粒石英胶状条带与含有大量银金矿的蛋白石质氧化硅胶状条带交替的特殊结构.这种结构迹象表明石英条带是从原始的胶状非晶质状态重结晶而来,而富金条带系由氧化硅与金颗粒凝胶组成的非晶质析出物原始沉积而成.金与氧化硅首先在热液体系的较深部位以胶体形式析出,然后由成矿溶液的水力作用向上机械搬运,由于溶液的冷却或沸腾,并在复合阳离子Al~(3+)的水化物的催化下产生胶粒凝结。浅成低温热液体系中金以胶粒形式搬运表明,至少在某些条件下胶体中的金含量比真溶液中要高.欲解释斯利泊矿床富矿石的成因,需存在一种富金的成矿溶液;而胶体金的局部搬运可能对浸染状低温热液金矿床的形成起了一定的作用.     

太古宙和元古宙时期的地壳演化—从地壳地震学获得的证据

通过分析整个世界太古宇和元古宇地区的地震波速模型，发现太古宇地区的厚度为３５ｋｍ左右（碰撞带边缘除外），而元古宇地壳的厚度则显然要大得多，大致为４５ｋｍ，并且在其基底有一较厚的高速层（＞７ｋｍ／ｓ）．我们认为有两种模式可以解释这些差异。第一种模型把这种差异归因于上地幔成分的改变。太古宇地幔中的温度较高，因而导致了科马提熔岩的喷发，结果使得岩石圈过分贫化而不能产生大量的玄武质熔体。元古宇地是在富地幔     

对云内吸湿性粒子在碰并过程中催化作用的数值模拟

1、引言许多学者在理论上和试验上对云内播撒吸湿性粒子增加降水的可能性,都进行过研究。然而,其结果是相当分岐的。这些试验是以在云中播撒吸湿性粒子,加速凝结过程和凝聚增长,引起降水增加的基本假设为基础的。以大的吸湿性核,对对流云催化作用的数值模拟,需要比较准确的数值方法计算云内的碰并过程。近来,伯瑞(Berry)和里哈特(Reinhardt,1974)提出一些方法;波里斯克(Bleck)和斯屋(Soong,1974)给出了一些算法,已广泛应用。全部的云滴谱细分成单个不规则的间隔(谱的分