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Rune Njøs Stig-Erik Jakobsen Vegar Rosnes 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2016,70(3):140-151
ABSTRACTThe article addresses the question of how an innovative firm develops from being a first mover to an innovation laggard and whether this process can be reversed. Informed by the evolutionary perspective and path-dependence theory, the authors explore how a low-tech Norwegian firm in the oil and gas industry has lost its foothold as an innovator. They also employ the concept of organizational architecture as an analytical tool to investigate the agency for breaking organizational paths. Through participant observation and semi-structured interviews, their study revealed that the innovation activity of the case firm is in a state of lock-in following a path-dependence development. Product development in the firm is linked to incremental changes to existing products based on the feedback from the customer, and the process is characterized by knowledge exploitation rather than knowledge exploration. The article adds to the literature on path dependence by identifying how a strong market pull can be a driver for organizational path dependence and lock-in. 相似文献
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Evolution of metamorphic volatiles during exhumation of microdiamond-bearing granulites in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rune B. Larsen Elizabeth A. Eide Ernst A. J. Burke 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,133(1-2):106-121
Fluid inclusions in garnet, kyanite and quartz from microdiamond-bearing granulites in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway,
document a conspicuous fluid evolution as the rocks were exhumed following Caledonian high- and ultrahigh-pressure (HP–UHP) metamorphism. The most important of the various fluid mixtures and daughter minerals in these rocks are: (N2 + CO2 + magnesian calcite), (N2 + CO2 + CH4 + graphite + magnesian calcite), (N2 + CH4), (N2 + CH4 + H2O), (CO2) and (H2O + NaCl + CaCl2 + nahcolite). Rutile also occurs in the N2 + CO2 inclusions as a product of titanium diffusion from the garnet host into the fluid inclusions. Volatiles composed of N2 + CO2 + magnesian calcite characterise the ambient metamorphic environment between HP–UHP (peak) and early retrograde metamorphism. During progressive decompression, the mole fraction of N2 increased in the fluid mixtures; as amphibolite-facies conditions were reached, CH4 and later, H2O, appeared in the fluids, concomitant with the disappearance of CO2 and magnesian calcite. Graphite is ubiquitous in the host lithologies and fluid inclusions. Thermodynamic modelling of the
metamorphic volatiles in a graphite-buffered C-O-H system demonstrates that the observed metamorphic volatile evolution was
attainable only if the f
O2 increased from c. −3.5 (±0.3) to −0.8 (±0.3) log units relative to the FMQ oxygen buffer. External introduction of oxidising
aqueous solutions along a system of interconnected ductile shear zones adequately explains the dramatic increase in the f
O2. The oxidising fluids introduced during exhumation were likely derived from dehydration of oceanic crust and continental
sediments previously subducted during an extended period of continental collision in conjunction with the Caledonian orogeny.
Received: 15 December 1997 / Accepted: 25 May 1998 相似文献
7.
Median times to narcotization (ET50) of Cirolana borealis Lilljeborg by various levels of toluene in seawater were determined. Narcotization quickly became irreversible, and the ET50 values can be regarded as estimates of median lethal times. Respiratory rate, ATP concentration, and energy charge (E.C.) were not significantly affected by sublethal toluene levels which caused behavioural disturbance. At 12.5 ppm of toluene (nominal concentration; ET50:69 h) ATP dropped gradually to less than 1% and E.C. to about 50% of the control values during 8 days, after which time all the individuals were dead. At 125 ppm neither ATP concentration nor E.C. changed significantly during 24 h although the animals were inactive after about 1 h and died within 100 h. Due to the high degree of stabilization of adenine nucleotide levels and E.C. during environmental changes, these parameters do not appear useful as general indices of stress in environmental pollution studies. 相似文献
8.
Kurt Johansson Rune B. Larsen Markku J. Lehtinen Lars Persson Mika Raeisaenen Stig A. Schack Pedersen Paer Weihed Nils-Gunnar Wik 《《幕》》2008,31(1):133-139
The Nordic countries, including Greenland, have a long tradition in mining. The industrial minerals sector is expanding in most Nordic countries and extensive development has taken place during the last few years. The main commodities mined are carbonate rocks, quartz, feldspar, apatite, olivine and talc.
A number of diferent types of dimension stones are quarried in all countries. Rock aggregates are increasingly important, replacing sand and gravel aggregate as construction materials in some countries due to the need to protect ground water supplies. 相似文献
A number of diferent types of dimension stones are quarried in all countries. Rock aggregates are increasingly important, replacing sand and gravel aggregate as construction materials in some countries due to the need to protect ground water supplies. 相似文献
9.
Results from tracer tests are often used to infer connectivity and transport properties in bedrock. However, the amount of site-specific data from tracer tests is often very limited, while data from hydraulic tests are more abundant. It is therefore of great interest for predictive transport modeling to use hydraulic data to infer transport properties. In this study, data from cross-hole tracer tests carried out in crystalline bedrock in Sweden were compiled and analysed. The tests were performed within investigations made by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) between 1978 and 2009 at five different locations. An empirical relationship between mass balance aperture and transmissivity was found and quantified by using 74 observations. The empirical relationship deviates considerably from the cubic law aperture, as mass balance aperture is found to be at least one order of magnitude larger than cubic law aperture. Hence, usage of cubic law aperture, derived from hydraulic testing, for transport predictions is unsuitable, as the advective transport time will be considerably underestimated. Another result, from the data set studied, is that mass balance aperture appears to correlate better to apparent storativity than to transmissivity. 相似文献
10.
Anthony M. Spencer Per Ivar Briskeby Lone Dyrmose Christensen Rune Foyn Marie KjФlleberg Erling Kvadsheim Ian Knight Morten Rye-Larsen John Williams 《《幕》》2008,31(1):115-124
Offshore exploration in Norway and Denmark-in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea-has involved drilling about 850 wildcat wells, resulting in about 300 oil and gas finds, of which 84 are fields with production. The recoverable resources of all these finds total about 65 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Almost all these hydrocarbons come from a Jurassic source and the main reservoirs and traps are Jurassic sandstones in fault blocks and Paleocene sandstones or Cretaceous chalks in gentle domes. The article describes four major fields-Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Ormen Lange and SnФhvitto illustrate some of the many challenges in developing and producing the hydrocarbons.
Elsewhere in Norden, there has been much less exploration. Drilling results have mostly been negative in mainland Sweden, onshore Denmark, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. Minor oil finds have been made in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland.
As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denmark, petroleum geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently employed in the industry, many technical innovations made, a wealth of publically available information and a great increase in the understanding of the geology. 相似文献
Elsewhere in Norden, there has been much less exploration. Drilling results have mostly been negative in mainland Sweden, onshore Denmark, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. Minor oil finds have been made in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland.
As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denmark, petroleum geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently employed in the industry, many technical innovations made, a wealth of publically available information and a great increase in the understanding of the geology. 相似文献