城市群生态空间结构优化组合模式及对策——以中原城市群为例

城市群生态空间结构优化将会促进城市群经济社会环境可持续发展。在深入分析城市群生态空间结构与城市群经济社会发展之间的空间相互作用、互利共生和协同进化等优化依据基础上,构建了城市群生态空间结构优化组合模式。作者阐述并分析了中原城市群建设过程中生态空间结构紊乱原因、空间结构演变趋势和生态空间结构优化模式。最后提出中原城市群生态空间结构优化对策建议：因地制宜,构建完善高效的“斑块—廊道—基质”城市群生态网络系统;促进城市群区域各城市合理分工,不断形成产业簇群;构建城市群发展引导机制,使城市群区域的城乡建设转向更加适宜人们居住的生态环境友好型地区。     

全球湿地的状况、未来情景与可持续管理对策

简要介绍了千年生态系统评估（MA）项目针对湿地与水编写的《生态系统与人类福祉：湿地与水综合报告》的核心内容。报告表明：①据估算,2000年全球的湿地面积大约为1.28×10⁹hm²,但是这一数据显著偏低,尤其是对新热带区的湿地以及有些特殊类型湿地的估算因数据源问题可能远低于实际面积;②根据MA构建的4种情景的分析结果,未来50年（2000—2050年）内,在对生态系统实行被动式管理的全球协同和实力秩序2种情景中,预计全球的湿地面积将会减少,而在对生态系统实行主动式管理的技术家园和适应组合2种情景中,预计全球的湿地面积将保持相对稳定;③湿地的丧失和退化会对人类福祉和减轻贫困产生极为不利的影响,尤其是对低收入国家湿地附近居民的影响更为严重。为了实现湿地的可持续管理,必须从经济、制度和管理以及相关驱动力方面采取积极对策,减轻湿地生态系统承受的各种压力,保育各项生态特征,增强其自恢复能力,减缓和扭转湿地的丧失和退化趋势。     

MTS试验机岩石压缩试验变形测量数据的选取方法研究

变形测量数据的选取对认识岩石力学性质及变形参数的计算有着重要影响.MTS试验机已被广泛应用于岩石力学试验中,其中岩石的变形测量常用方式有引伸计、LVDT和压板位移,这3种测量方法得到的轴向应变的准确性和适用性有待深入研究.本研究采用MTS试验机进行岩石的单轴和三轴压缩试验,对比引伸计、压板位移和LVDT 3种方式测量得...     

Investigation of the acoustic emission characteristics of artificial saw-tooth joints under shearing condition

Shear failure of rockmass along a weak plane occurs frequently in rock slopes and in underground tunnels. To study the shear behaviour and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of joints under different experimental conditions (asperity height, shear rate, and normal load), irregular artificial saw-tooth joints with different asperity heights were sheared in the laboratory, and the AE signals were detected and analysed. The results demonstrated that the strength of the joints increased with increases in normal load and asperity height, while the strength of the joints first increased and then decreased when the shear rate was elevated. The ideal curve of the cumulative hits could be divided into a quiet period, a slow rise period, and a sharp growth period, which could be used to monitor and predict the potential shear failure of the joints. The higher the asperity was, the higher the peak energy rate and the lower the peak hit rate, and cumulative hits at failure were because of differences in asperity size and number. The peak hit rate and cumulative energy tended to increase gradually with the decrease in shear rate, and the minimum peak hit rate and energy rate at failure were both attained at the maximum shear rate. In addition, curves of the energy rate and hit rate showed large fluctuations at higher shear rates. The peak energy rate and cumulative energy under low normal stress could be greater than the peak energy rate and cumulative energy under high normal stress, and the peak hit rate and cumulative hit number under high normal stress could be larger than that of under low normal stress.     

生态系统服务研究的进展与挑战(英文)

生态系统服务研究虽然起步相对较晚,但在最近的十多年里却取得了长足的发展。通过述评生态系统服务研究的进展与挑战,本文得出了以下几点结论:(1)生态系统服务在生物圈中无处不在,但学术界对它们的认识却不尽相同。为了使得生态系统服务这一概念能够在生态保育和人类福祉评估中发挥重要作用,需要根据研究目的和管理决策的要求对其作出清楚的界定,并且根据所研究的生态系统服务的相关特征对其进行恰当的分类。(2)生态系统服务是人类福祉的源泉,它们具有复杂性、空间尺度、公私物品特征和收益依赖性。认识生态系统服务的这些基本特征是测度、模拟、评价和管理生态系统服务的重要前提。(3)生态系统服务的需求、供给与使用是联系生态系统与人类福祉的不可或缺的重要环节,它们事关生态保育和社会公平等重大问题;为了制定科学的生态系统服务管理决策,需要对它们开展跨学科、跨部门、跨地域的综合研究。(4)生态系统服务具有包括效用价值和非效用价值在内的多重价值属性。在制定生态系统服务管理决策的过程中,各种价值会在一个共同、但并非总是公平的决策平台上相互交叉、补充与制衡。因此,生态系统服务的价值评估应当构建与使用多准则的综合价值评估体系。     

Eco-spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration

In terms of ecological theory, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the mutualism and co- evolutionary mechanism between the eco-spatial structure and socio-economic development of the urban agglomeration, and maps out optimized modes of the eco-spatial structure of the urban agglomeration. The analysis is a case study of the urban agglomeration on different levels of global, national, provincial and local scales, on the basis of those conclusions are drawn: 1) Within the scope of the urban agglomeration, the cities should be reasonably sized and appropriately densified; the spatial combination of the urban agglomeration ought to be orderly, and its eco-spatial structure ought to be optimized and efficient; the relationship between the economic society and eco-spatial environment ought to be that of mutual benefit and co-evolution. 2) “The mode of corridor group network” is a certain trend evoked from the spatial structure of urban agglomeration. 3) The eco-spatial structure of urban agglomeration under “the mode of corridor group network” can further increase the environmental capacity of urban agglomeration, and is in favor of the harmonious relationship between man and nature.     

Experimental investigation of the strain rate effect on crack initiation and crack damage thresholds of hard rock under quasi-static compression

Acta Geotechnica - The crack closure stress σcc, crack initiation stress σci and crack damage stress σcd are important mechanical parameters to describe the brittle failure mechanism...     

Study of grouting effectiveness based on shear strength evaluation with experimental and numerical approaches

Acta Geotechnica - Grouting is an important and convenient technique to improve rock properties. The grouting effectiveness depends on quantities of complex influencing factors. The investigation...