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1.
We have determined the quenched cation ordering states of five orthopyroxene crystals collected from the marginal border
group and the lower zone a and b of the Skaergaard intrusion, and modeled these data to retrieve their closure temperatures
(T
c) of Fe–Mg ordering and cooling rates. According to existing thermal models for the Skaergaard pluton, conductive cooling
dominated the high and low temperature regimes, which were separated by an intermediate temperature regime in which the cooling
was controlled primarily by convective fluid circulation. The cooling rates retrieved from the quenched cation ordering states
of the orthopyroxene crystals strictly apply to temperatures around the closure temperatures of the ordering states, ∼340–400° C, which fall at the transition from convective to the lower temperature conductive cooling. The cooling rates obtained from
the cation ordering states of orthopyroxene vary from ∼1 to 270 K/ka. These results agree well with a thermal model calculated
using an assumed average permeability of 10-12 cm2 for the pluton, but not completely with a model calculated on the basis of an average permeability of 10-13 cm2, although both values produced shifts of δ18O that are comparable to those observed in the pluton.
Received: 27 February 1995/Accepted: 20 July 1995 相似文献
2.
Nicola Nocilla Aldo Evangelista Anna Scotto di Santolo 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(5):815-833
In recent years, rock fall phenomena in Italy have received considerable attention for risk mitigation through in situ observations
and experimental data. This paper reports the study conducted at Camaldoli Hill, in the urban area of Naples, and at Monte
Pellegrino, Palermo, Italy. The rocks involved are volcanic Neapolitan yellow tuff (NYT) in the former area and dolomitic
limestone in the latter. Both rocks, even though with different strength characteristics, have shown a significant tendency
towards rock fragmentation during run out. This behavior was first investigated by comparing the volumes of removable blocks
on the cliff faces (V
0) and fallen blocks on the slopes (V
f). It was assumed that the ratio V
f/V
0 decreases with the distance (x
f) from the detachment area by an empirical law, which depends on a coefficient α, correlated with the geotechnical properties of the materials involved in the rock fall. Finally, this law was validated
by observation of well-documented natural rock falls (Palermo) and by in situ full-scale tests (Naples). From the engineering
perspective, consideration of fragmentation processes in rock fall modeling provides a means for designing low-cost mitigation
measures. 相似文献
3.
TritonX-100-5-Br-PADAP光度法测定铜和镍 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了非离子型表面活性剂Triton X- 100 存在下,用5 - Br - PADAP 光度法测定铜、镍的方法。结果表明:在pH9 .0 的硼砂缓冲介质中,5 - Br - PADAP 与铜和镍生成紫红色络合物,λCum ax = 575 nm ,εCu = 1 .04 ×105 L·mol- 1·cm - 1 ;λNim ax = 575 nm ,εNi = 1 .14 ×105 L·mol- 1·cm - 1 。铜和镍的质量浓度分别在0 ~560 μg/ L和0 ~440 μg/ L符合比尔定律。加入六偏磷酸钠后,由于偏磷酸镍的形成,镍不再与5 - Br - PADAP 显色,可通过铜及铜镍总量的测定,计算出镍的含量。用该方法实测了钢样中铜和镍的含量,结果与推荐值相符,对铜和镍5 次测定的RSD均小于5 % 。 相似文献
4.
5.
Jane Bemigisha John Carranza rew K. Skidmore Mike McCall Chiara Polce Herbert H.T. Prins 《Transactions in GIS》2009,13(3):273-293
In a project to classify livestock grazing intensity using participatory geographic information systems (PGIS), we encountered the problem of how to synthesize PGIS-based maps of livestock grazing intensity that were prepared separately by local experts. We investigated the utility of evidential belief functions (EBFs) and Dempster's rule of combination to represent classification uncertainty and integrate the PGIS-based grazing intensity maps. These maps were used as individual sets of evidence in the application of EBFs to evaluate the proposition that " This area or pixel belongs to the high, medium, or low grazing intensity class because the local expert(s) says (say) so ". The class-area-weighted averages of EBFs based on each of the PGIS-based maps show that the lowest degree of classification uncertainty is associated with maps in which "vegetation species" was used as the mapping criterion. This criterion, together with local landscape attributes of livestock use may be considered as an appropriate standard measure for grazing intensity. The maps of integrated EBFs of grazing intensity show that classification uncertainty is high when the local experts apply at least two mapping criteria together. This study demonstrates the usefulness of EBFs to represent classification uncertainty and the possibility to use the EBF values in identifying and using criteria for PGIS-based mapping of livestock grazing intensity. 相似文献
6.
The variability of ruthenium in chromite from chassignite and olivine‐phyric shergottite meteorites: New insights into the behavior of PGE and sulfur in Martian magmatic systems 下载免费PDF全文
Raphael J. Baumgartner Marco L. Fiorentini David Baratoux Ludovic Ferrière Marek Locmelis Andrew Tomkins Kerim A. Sener 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2017,52(2):333-350
The Martian meteorites comprise mantle‐derived mafic to ultramafic rocks that formed in shallow intrusions and/or lava flows. This study reports the first in situ platinum‐group element data on chromite and ulvöspinel from a series of dunitic chassignites and olivine‐phyric shergottites, determined using laser‐ablation ICP‐MS. As recent studies have shown that Ru has strongly contrasting affinities for coexisting sulfide and spinel phases, the precise in situ analysis of this element in spinel can provide important insights into the sulfide saturation history of Martian mantle‐derived melts. The new data reveal distinctive differences between the two meteorite groups. Chromite from the chassignites Northwest Africa 2737 (NWA 2737) and Chassigny contained detectable concentrations of Ru (up to ~160 ppb Ru) in solid solution, whereas chromite and ulvöspinel from the olivine‐phyric shergottites Yamato‐980459 (Y‐980459), Tissint, and Dhofar 019 displayed Ru concentrations consistently below detection limit (<42 ppb). The relatively elevated Ru signatures of chromite from the chassignites suggest a Ru‐rich (~1–4 ppb) parental melt for this meteorite group, which presumably did not experience segregation of immiscible sulfide liquids over the interval of mantle melting, melt ascent, and chromite crystallization. The relatively Ru‐depleted signature of chromite and ulvöspinel from the olivine‐phyric shergottites may be the consequence of relatively lower Ru contents (<1 ppb) in the parental melts, and/or the presence of sulfides during the crystallization of the spinel phases. The results of this study illustrate the significance of platinum‐group element in situ analysis on spinel phases to decipher the sulfide saturation history of magmatic systems. 相似文献
7.
Anis Gasmi Cécile Gomez Hédi Zouari Antoine Masse Danielle Ducrot 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(20):753
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficiency of Advanced Space Borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data in the discrimination of geological formations and the generation of geological map in the northern margin of the Tunisian desert. The nine ASTER bands covering the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral regions (wavelength range of 400–2500 nm) have been treated and analyzed. As a first step of data processing, crosstalk correction, resampling, orthorectification, atmospheric correction, and radiometric normalization have been applied to the ASTER radiance data. Then, to decrease the redundancy information in highly correlated bands, the principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied on the nine ASTER bands. The results of PCA allow the validation and the rectification of the lithological boundaries already published on the geologic map, and gives a new information for identifying new lithological units corresponding to superficial formations previously undiscovered. The application of a supervised classification on the principal components image using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm shows good correlation with the reference geologic map. The overall classification accuracy is 73 % and the kappa coefficient equals to 0.71. The processing of ASTER remote sensing data set by PCA and SVM can be employed as an effective tool for geological mapping in arid regions. 相似文献
8.
9.
Alexandre Raphael Cabral Nikola Koglin Harald Strauss Helene Brätz Rogerio Kwitko-Ribeiro 《Mineralium Deposita》2013,48(7):805-816
The distribution of mineral deposits, characterised as barite deposits, hematite-rich auriferous deposits and auriferous tourmaline–sulfide deposits, displays a regional sulfate–hematite–sulfide zoning along the thrust-delineated limbs of the Mariana anticline, in the south-eastern part of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cross-cut relationships of barite veins and sulfide lodes indicate that sulfidation occurred in a late-tectonic context, which is here attributed to the collapse of the ~0.6-Ga Brasiliano thrust front. Reconnaissance S-isotopic data from barite and pyrite (Antônio Pereira barite deposit and its adjacent gold deposit, respectively), and arsenopyrite (Passagem de Mariana gold deposit), suggest a new interpretation for the hydrothermal fluid overprint in the Mariana anticline. The Antônio Pereira barite has Δ33S values that are near zero, constraining the sulfate source to rocks younger than 2.45 Ga. The barite-δ34S values are between +19.6 and +20.8?‰. The Passagem arsenopyrite and tourmaline have Co/Ni ratios that define a positive linear trend with the Antônio Pereira pyrite. The latter has homogenous δ34S values, between +8.8 and +8.9?‰, which are compatible with thermochemical reduction of aqueous sulfate with the S-isotopic composition of the Antônio Pereira barite. 相似文献
10.
Raphael Neukom David J. Nash Georgina H. Endfield Stefan W. Grab Craig A. Grove Clare Kelso Coleen H. Vogel Jens Zinke 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(9-10):2713-2726
This study presents the first consolidation of palaeoclimate proxy records from multiple archives to develop statistical rainfall reconstructions for southern Africa covering the last two centuries. State-of-the-art ensemble reconstructions reveal multi-decadal rainfall variability in the summer and winter rainfall zones. A decrease in precipitation amount over time is identified in the summer rainfall zone. No significant change in precipitation amount occurred in the winter rainfall zone, but rainfall variability has increased over time. Generally synchronous rainfall fluctuations between the two zones are identified on decadal scales, with common wet (dry) periods reconstructed around 1890 (1930). A strong relationship between seasonal rainfall and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the surrounding oceans is confirmed. Coherence among decadal-scale fluctuations of southern African rainfall, regional SST, SSTs in the Pacific Ocean and rainfall in south-eastern Australia suggest SST-rainfall teleconnections across the southern hemisphere. Temporal breakdowns of the SST-rainfall relationship in the southern African regions and the connection between the two rainfall zones are observed, for example during the 1950s. Our results confirm the complex interplay between large-scale teleconnections, regional SSTs and local effects in modulating multi-decadal southern African rainfall variability over long timescales. 相似文献