全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1048篇 |
免费 | 37篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 36篇 |
大气科学 | 83篇 |
地球物理 | 218篇 |
地质学 | 349篇 |
海洋学 | 48篇 |
天文学 | 296篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 61篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 37篇 |
2013年 | 46篇 |
2012年 | 45篇 |
2011年 | 62篇 |
2010年 | 56篇 |
2009年 | 68篇 |
2008年 | 42篇 |
2007年 | 50篇 |
2006年 | 38篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 32篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1094条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Using photoclinometry, topographic profiles across europan ridges have been produced. These profiles allow the identification of bulges in the terrain adjacent to the ridges. The bulges are assumed to have been produced by flexure of the elastic lithosphere due to the load of the ridges, which lie along cracks in the crust. The distance from the crack to these “fore-bulges” depends on the thickness of the elastic plate being flexed. Based on a survey of ridges in Galileo images with resolution <300 m/pixel, the thickness of the elastic lithosphere has been determined by this method at a wide variety of sites along the leading and trailing hemispheres of Europa. The average thickness is about 200 m. The elastic lithosphere underneath smooth dilational bands tends to be thicker than plains morphology, an effect that is pronounced at Thynia Linea and Astypalaea Linea. Among the ridges investigated here, more recent loading correlates with a thicker elastic lithosphere, which may either reflect an intrinsically thicker layer, or less viscous relaxation over the shorter time period. 相似文献
4.
S. W. Allen R. W. Schmidt A. C. Fabian 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,334(2):L11-L15
We present precise measurements of the X-ray gas mass fraction for a sample of luminous, relatively relaxed clusters of galaxies observed with the Chandra observatory, for which independent confirmation of the mass results is available from gravitational lensing studies. Parametrizing the total (luminous plus dark matter) mass profiles using the model of Navarro, Frenk & White, we show that the X-ray gas mass fractions in the clusters asymptote towards an approximately constant value at a radius r 2500 , where the mean interior density is 2500 times the critical density of the Universe at the redshifts of the clusters. Combining the Chandra results on the X-ray gas mass fraction and its apparent redshift dependence with recent measurements of the mean baryonic matter density in the Universe and the Hubble constant determined from the Hubble Key Project, we obtain a tight constraint on the mean total matter density of the Universe, , and measure a positive cosmological constant, . Our results are in good agreement with recent, independent findings based on analyses of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation, the properties of distant supernovae, and the large-scale distribution of galaxies. 相似文献
5.
Stimulated Raman scattering is used to prepare ensembles of aligned acetylene molecules in thev
2=1 excited vibrational level. Decay and transfer of the alignment is followed by laser induced fluorescence. Measurements of the initially excited alignment agree well with theoretical calculations. The rate constants for decay decrease as the rotational quantum numberJ of the excited level increases. 相似文献
6.
Matthias Schmidt 《山地科学学报》2005,2(2):91-104
Using political ecology as its conceptual framework, this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan's walnut-fruit forests over the last century The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side, their interests and demands, and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management - and even the recognition of different forest products as resources - are connected with political and socioeconomic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique, characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products; and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule, when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era, a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly, which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions, but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present, the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate, which has resulted in the forests' gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization, increased communication and transregional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today, walnut wood and burls, walnuts, wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless, it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors - the present transformation and globalization processes, the appearance of new actors, the local population's insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions - are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests, resulting in their degradation. 相似文献
7.
National flood discharge mapping in Austria 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This article presents the approach and the results of a study in which 30, 100 and 200 year return period flood discharges
were estimated for 26,000 km of Austrian streams. Three guiding principles were adopted: combination of automatic methods
and manual assessments by hydrologists to allow speedy processing and account for the local hydrological situation; combination
of various sources of information including flood peak samples, rainfall data, runoff coefficients and historical flood data;
and involvement of the Hydrographic Services to increase the accuracy and enhance the acceptance of results. The flood discharges
for ungauged catchments were estimated by the Top-kriging approach with manual adjustment to the local flood characteristics.
The adopted combination approach proved to be very efficient both in terms of the project time required and in terms of the
accuracy and acceptability of the estimated flood discharges of given return periods. 相似文献
8.
Size distribution of colloidal trace metals and organic carbon during a coastal bloom in the Baltic Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johan Ingri Susanna Nordling Jenny Larsson Jenny Rnnegrd Nina Nilsson Ilia Rodushkin Ralf Dahlqvist Per Andersson
rjan Gustafsson 《Marine Chemistry》2004,91(1-4):117-130
The physico-chemical speciation of organic carbon and selected metals was measured during a coastal bloom in Ekhagen Bay, Baltic Sea, using ultrafiltration.One important objective with the study was to see if any depletion of trace metals could be measured in the directly bioavailable fraction (<1000 Da, the soluble low molecular weight fraction, LMW) during a plankton bloom. Filters with five different cut-offs were used (1 kD (1000 Da), 5 kD, 10 kD, 100 kD and 0.22 μm) in order to delineate the size distribution of colloidal organic carbon (COC) and trace metals.During the bloom in May, LMW Al, Co, Cu, Mn and Ni concentrations decreased although the colloidal and particulate concentrations were relatively high. Data show that desorption of colloidal and particulate bound trace metals to the LMW fraction was slower than the process depleting the LMW fraction.Estimates of the maximum active uptake of Cu, Ni and Mn by the phytoplankton, and the loss of non-bioactive Al from the LMW fraction, indicate that processes other than active uptake by phytoplankton must contribute to the observed depletion of trace metals in the LMW fraction. Hence, in order to estimate the bioavailable pool of trace metals for plankton during bloom conditions, these other processes must be understood and quantified.Transparent Exopolymeric Particles (TEP, reflecting sugar-rich phytoplankton exudates) increased around eight times during the plankton bloom. We hypothesize that the formation of TEP is a process that might be important for the transfer of trace metals from the LMW to the particulate fraction during the phytoplankton bloom, but the significance of TEP for this depletion in Baltic Sea surface water remains to be shown. 相似文献
9.
ICES baseline survey of trace metals in European shelf waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Balls P.; Cofino W.; Schmidt D.; Topping G.; Wilson S.; Yeats P. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1993,50(4):435-444
10.
Multi-AUV Control and Adaptive Sampling in Monterey Bay 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Edward Fiorelli Naomi Ehrich Leonard Pradeep Bhatta Derek A. Paley Ralf Bachmayer David M. Fratantoni 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2006,31(4):935-948
Operations with multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have a variety of underwater applications. For example, a coordinated group of vehicles with environmental sensors can perform adaptive ocean sampling at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales. We describe a methodology for cooperative control of multiple vehicles based on virtual bodies and artificial potentials (VBAP). This methodology allows for adaptable formation control and can be used for missions such as gradient climbing and feature tracking in an uncertain environment. We discuss our implementation on a fleet of autonomous underwater gliders and present results from sea trials in Monterey Bay in August, 2003. These at-sea demonstrations were performed as part of the Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network (AOSN) II project 相似文献