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1.
插层高岭石层间醋酸钾的作用和取向 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
利用X粉晶衍射和激光拉曼光谱实验分析高岭石及其醋酸钾插层物的结构。通过实验表明醋酸钾对结晶指数(HI)为0.9的高岭石进行插层.插层率为73%,使高岭石的d(001)由0.72075nm增加到1.42093nm。进入高岭石层间的醋酸根利用其羧基上的两个氧同时和高岭石的面内羟基形成氢键,在高岭石层间直立取向,而对其内羟基基本无影响。当温度升高时,与面内羟基伸缩振动有关的峰(3698cm^-1,3684cm^-1,3672cm^-1等)发生红移,且强度增加;而与内羟基伸缩振动有关的峰(3621cm^-1)则发生蓝移。温度升高到100C以上,开始发生去插层过程;直到250C,插层分子还不能完全从高岭石层间脱去。 相似文献
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原生有机质及沥青的有机地球化学研究结果表明矿区存在微弱的热异常,地层中原生有机质含量极低,沥青是成矿过程中由含矿热液从他地带来的迁移型流体烃。流体烃在迁移时发生轻烃组分的分馏。在成矿部位,含有硫酸盐、铅锌和流体烃的深源热液(温度60一]00℃)与携带硫酸盐还原细菌的大气降水汇合,流体烃发生生物降解和水洗溶解并引起硫酸盐的生物还原,生成硫化氢,导致铅锌硫化物沉淀,形成矿床。 相似文献
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原生有机质及沥青的有机地球化学研究结果表明矿区存在微弱的热异常,地层中原生有机质含量极低,沥青是成矿过程中由含矿热液他地带来的迁移型流体烃,流体迁烃在迁移时发生轻烃组分的分馏。在成矿部位,含有硫酸盐,铅锌和流体烃的深湖热液与携带硫酸盐还原细菌的大气降水汇合,流体烃发生生物降解和水洗溶解并引起硫酸盐的生物还原,生成硫化氢,导致铅锌硫化物沉淀,形成矿床。 相似文献
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在岩溶及其伴生的成矿作用发生的同时,来自溶解岩石中被分离出的有机质、地表水携带的陆生植物及由含矿卤水自深部或它地搬运的有机化合物与其它岩溶液填物一起沉积于岩溶洞穴中.根据它们的不同来源及受到岩溶成矿的影响程度,可区别出改造型、继承型、搬迁型、原生型有机质.由于有机质的热稳定性低,因此能较好地反映岩溶的性质、演变过程及其中成矿的特点.研究岩溶型铅锌矿床中有机质的类型、变化、分布规律,有助于矿床成因研究,指导找矿. 相似文献
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Ho KT Burgess RM Pelletier MC Serbst JR Ryba SA Cantwell MG Kuhn A Raczelowski P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(4):286-293
The identification of toxicants affecting aquatic benthic systems is critical to sound assessment and management of our nation's waterways. Identification of toxicants can be useful in designing effective sediment remediation plans and reasonable options for sediment disposal. Knowledge of which contaminants affect benthic systems allows managers to link pollution to specific dischargers and prevent further release of toxicant(s). In addition, identification of major causes of toxicity in sediments may guide programs such as those developing environmental sediment guidelines and registering pesticides, while knowledge of the causes of toxicity which drive ecological changes such as shifts in benthic community structure would be useful in performing ecological risk assessments. To this end, the US Environmental Protection Agency has developed tools (toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods) that allow investigators to characterize and identify chemicals causing acute toxicity in sediments and dredged materials. To date, most sediment TIEs have been performed on interstitial waters. Preliminary evidence from the use of interstitial water TIEs reveals certain patterns in causes of sediment toxicity. First, among all sediments tested, there is no one predominant cause of toxicity; metals, organics, and ammonia play approximately equal roles in causing toxicity. Second, within a single sediment there are multiple causes of toxicity detected; not just one chemical class is active. Third, the role of ammonia is very prominent in these interstitial waters. Finally, if sediments are divided into marine or freshwater, TIEs perforMed on interstitial waters from freshwater sediments indicate a variety of toxicants in fairly equal proportions, while TIEs performed on interstitial waters from marine sediments have identified only ammonia and organics as toxicants, with metals playing a minor role. Preliminary evidence from whole sediment TIEs indicates that organic compounds play a major role in the toxicity of marine sediments, with almost no evidence for either metal or ammonia toxicity. However, interpretation of these results may be skewed because only a small number of interstitial water (n = 13) and whole sediment (n = 5) TIEs have been completed. These trends may change as more data are collected. 相似文献