Hazardous geology zoning and influence factors in the near-shore shallow strata and seabed surface of the modern Yellow River Delta,China

In this study, on the basis of 3,200 km shallow stratigraphic section and side-scan sonar data of the coastal area of the Yellow River Delta, we delineated and interpreted a total of seven types of typical hazardous geologies, including the hazardous geology in the shallow strata (buried ancient channel and strata disturbance) and hazardous geology in the seabed surface strata (pit, erosive residual body, sand patch, sand wave and scour channel). We selected eight parameters representing the development scale of the hazardous geology as the zoning indexes, including the number of hazardous geology types, pit depth, height of erosive residual body, length of scour channel, area of sand patch, length of sand wave, width of the buried ancient channel and depth of strata disturbance, and implemented the grid processing of the research area to calculate the arithmetic sum of the zoning indexes of each unit grid one by one. We then adopted the clustering analysis method to divide the near-shore waters of the Yellow River Delta into five hazardous geology areas, namely the serious erosion disaster area controlled by Diaokou lobe waves, hazardous geology area of multi-disasters under the combined action of the Shenxiangou lobe river wave flow, accumulation type hazardous geology area controlled by the current estuary river, hazardous geology area of single disaster in the deep water area and potential hazardous geology area of the Chengdao Oilfield. All four of the main factors affecting the development of hazardous geology, namely the diffusion and movement of sediment flux of the Yellow River water entering the sea, seabed stability, bottom sediment type and distribution, as well as the marine hydrodynamic characteristics, show significant regional differentiation characteristics and laws. These characteristics and laws are consistent with the above-mentioned zoning results, in which the distribution, scale and genetic mechanism of hazardous geology are considered comprehensively. This indicates that the hazardous geology zoning based on the cluster analysis is a new attempt in research regarding the hazardous geology zoning of the near-shore waters of the modern Yellow River Delta and that this type of zoning has a high level of reasonability.     

A hydrochemical study of Hungtsaiping landslide area, Nantou, Taiwan

The Hungtsaiping landslide was triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake (Mw?=?7.6), which occurred on September 20, 1999 near the town of Chi-Chi in Nantou County in central Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between geochemical characteristics and the landslide in the Hungtsaiping area. Water samples were collected from springs, creeks, ponds, groundwater and the Yonglu stream once every month from May 2008 to May 2009. Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes, ionic concentrations, electrical conductivities, and pH values were analyzed. The results show that the ionic concentrations display a significant spatial variation. For instance, calcium and magnesium bicarbonate-rich water was found on the top and the middle part of the slope. In addition, sodium bicarbonate-rich water with exceptionally high sulfate concentration was found on the foot of the slope. The sulfate content decreased with increasing elevation along the slope. Finally, a conceptual model was established by summarizing the hydrogeochemical analyses. After a scientific understanding of the mechanism of the Hungtsaiping landslide, all of the analytical information can be integrated for hazard prevention in the future.     

2种银鱼线粒体COⅡ及侧翼tRNA基因的测定分析及其亲缘关系研究

探讨4种银鱼及香鱼线粒体COⅡ基因序列变异及它们的亲缘关系.测定和分析大银鱼和太湖新银鱼线粒体COⅡ基因全序列及侧翼tRNA基因序列.并与有明银鱼、小齿日本银鱼及香鱼的同源序列比较,发现大银鱼和太湖新银鱼COⅡ基因的核苷酸序列差异最小,香鱼与有明银鱼的差异最大.此外,选加大西洋鲑等共11种鱼类的COⅡ基因序列,用NJ法和MP法对其进行系统树重建,结果显示:系统树一致将4种银鱼和香鱼聚为一支,其中大银鱼与太湖新银鱼亲缘关系最近.     

北江大刺鳅(Mastacembelus armatus)的核型分析及线粒体Cyt b基因和D-loop的遗传多样性

采用胸腔注射植物凝集素(PHA)、秋水仙素,以大刺鳅(Mastacembelus armatus)头肾组织为材料,低渗处理,空气干燥法进行染色体标本制备,分析其染色体核型。结果显示:大刺鳅的二倍体染色体数目为2n=48,其核型公式为2n=14m+34t, NF=62。对24尾大刺鳅线粒体Cyt b基因和D-loop序列进行测序分析,结果表明:(1)大刺鳅Cytb基因、D-loop序列长度分别为1438bp、895bp,两个基因的单倍型多样性分别为0.656和0.541,核苷酸多样性分别为0.00539和0.00817,平均核苷酸差异数分别为5.938和6.805,说明该种群的遗传多样性丰富。(2)两个基因的每个个体的遗传距离分别为0.000—0.018和0.000—0.026,说明该种群个体间的遗传距离小。(3)中性检验的Tajima’sD检验及Fu's Fs检验的结果说明该种群没有发生过扩张。结果说明北江大刺鳅的遗传多样性水平较高,可用于人工繁育。     

Environmental indicators combined with risk analysis to evaluate potential wildfire incidence on the Dadu Plateau in Taiwan

Natural Hazards - Wildfire is a common disaster in the world, and it has a considerable impact on the safety of residents and ecological disturbance. Periodic wildfires are an urgent problem to be...     

利用背景噪声互相关观测近对跖点台站间体波格林函数

本文利用秦岭周边和南美地区的部分台站2012—2014年记录的地震事件垂直分量数据,获取了166个台站对之间的互相关函数,从中观测到了近对跖点台站之间的体波格林函数.在此基础上,我们计算了理论地震图的互相关,其结果与实际数据获得的结果很相似,推测格林函数的能量来源应主要是大地震引起的地球自由振荡.更进一步的研究表明,不同的震源机制对于互相关结果中不同震相的振幅有较大影响,走滑断层引起的地震并不能产生较好的互相关结果.通过对比不同位置台站对的互相关结果,本文认为互相关得到的体波格林函数包含了传播路径信息.