滇西沘江流域水体中重金属元素的地球化学特征

通过测定流经兰坪金顸铅锌矿区的沘江水体中Pb、Zn、Cd、As的含量和底泥中重金属元素的化学形态的含量,分析了重金属元素的分布和化学形态的变化。结果表明,沘江水遭到了Cd污染,底泥已经成为重金属元素的蓄积库,以国家土壤环境质量标准（Ⅲ级）衡量,Pb、Zn、Cd和舡分别超标3．4倍、15．8倍、106倍和2．6倍。沘江水中重金属元素含量的峰值在矿山附近的下游,而底泥中重金属元素的峰值在矿山下游30-50km的地方,矿业活动、水流变缓、pH等水体环境条件的变化都能影响水和底泥中重金属元素的含量。底泥中的Pb以碳酸盐结合态为主,Zn和Cd以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,而As以残渣态为主。Pb、Cd、Zn三种元素的环境有效态含量比较高,对沘江流域生态环境具有潜在的巨大的危害。     

1971-2015年世界铁矿石资源供需与流动格局及其演变

本文研究了1971—2015年世界铁矿石供需与流动格局的时空变化,结果显示：① 世界铁矿石年产量期末比期初增加了12.26亿t,年均增长2.17%;1992年以前,欧洲曾是世界铁矿石的消费重心,但随后亚洲后来居上。② 研究期内世界铁矿石输出量年均增长达3.7%,大洋洲和南美洲成为铁矿石的主要输出地,2015年占世界的比重分别达53.73%和26.23%;本世纪以来铁矿石输入量最大的是中国、日本和韩国,2015年分别占世界总量的65.07%、8.94%和5%。③ 基于“场”理论,采用位势、“源”、“汇”、迹线等概念审视全球铁矿石流场的基本特征和流场成因,发现世界铁矿石流动的“位势”北半球较低,而南半球较高;亚洲、欧洲是主要的汇流场,大洋洲、南美洲是主要的源流场。本文研究揭示了近半个世纪以来世界铁矿石资源的流动状态及其演变过程,对于我国科学地制定产业政策具有重要价值。     

基于 Gamit 解算的 NNCORS 站点CGCS2000坐标的确定方法

本文以南宁市NNCORS站点为例,介绍了基于GAMIT的基线平差法和框架转换法求解NNCORS站点的CGCS2000坐标,分析了两种方法的求解精度,并对两种解算结果进行比较,为城市CORS站点CGCS2000坐标确定提供参考。     

被拐儿童记忆地图模式及其影响因素

拐卖儿童犯罪屡禁不止,备受社会和学界关注。地理学视角下的已有研究多注重宏观区域定量分析,缺少基于寻亲成功案例聚焦被拐儿童的微观定性分析,尤其对被拐儿童记忆空间与记忆地图的探究不足。文章基于从“宝贝回家”公益平台提取的典型案例,综合运用文本分析、认知地图分析、案例分析等方法,探索寻亲成功的被拐儿童记忆地图模式及其影响因素。结果表明：1）被拐儿童记忆内容由地方性知识、家庭性知识和个体性知识3部分构成。其中,地方性知识包括儿童家乡的自然物理环境与社会文化环境要素;家庭性知识包括儿童原生家庭成员信息、亲缘关系等要素;个体性知识包括儿童自身体貌特征、失踪时穿着等要素。2）被拐儿童记忆空间形成于其日常活动空间,是地理空间与人文情感的结合;随着儿童年龄增长和时代变迁,儿童记忆空间要素产生变化,形成不同阶段不同时代的独特个体记忆,儿童生活环境的变化易塑造混合复杂的记忆空间。3）被拐儿童记忆地图根据其记忆内容及记忆要素类型分为多要素混合式记忆地图（依托多种感官、多要素定位家乡区域）、空间化布局式记忆地图（即手绘完整地图,具有空间性和尺度性）、单要素主导式记忆地图（即以地标和地名为关键要素）3种模式。4）儿童对其日常活动中频繁接触的场所会留下较为深刻印象,家乡环境中独特形状的道路、水域更易使儿童产生记忆,成为寻亲过程中的重要促进因素;地名、方言、习俗组合与地名、地标组合成为寻亲成功的关键要素组合。     

1958—2019年云南省拐卖未成年人犯罪的时空格局及影响因素

拐卖犯罪的时间跨度长、社会危害性高,会对受害者造成一生的记忆创伤。未成年人作为弱势群体,极易受到拐卖犯罪的侵害。早前拐卖的相关研究主要集中在法学和社会学领域,基于地理学视角的研究起步较晚,且缺少针对犯罪高发区云南省的研究。为此,文章基于公益平台“宝贝回家”网站的数据资料,运用数理统计、空间分析等方法,从未成年受害群体视角探究云南省拐卖犯罪的时空格局及影响因素。研究发现：1）来自乡村的被拐未成年人占总体的77%,从乡村拐入乡村的拐卖数量最多;同时,被拐未成年人整体趋于低龄化,呈现较强的低龄男童偏好以及大龄女童偏好。2）1958—2019年云南省拐卖未成年人数量在时间上呈现“倒V型”波动特征,高发期为1994—2005年,其时间演变受特殊历史事件、国家政策和打拐活动等的影响。3）空间上,云南省东部犯罪总量较高,扩散速率较快,其中曲靖、昆明、昭通为热点区域;县域尺度上,官渡区、昭阳区、盘龙区、西山区、五华区、镇雄县、宣威市的被拐未成年人数量占总数的49.5%;同时,过半案件发生在居住场所附近,封闭式公共场所附近案件发生量最少。4）影响因素上,自然因子对拐卖犯罪的影响力度最小,人口因子对犯罪快速增长期影响显著,社会和经济因子对犯罪高发期和低发期的作用显著。     

Tectonic evolution of the Late Paleozoic Early Mesozoic orogenic belt in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Block: Evidence from meta volcanic rocks of Jianshanzi,northern Liaoning ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, whole -rock geochemistry and Hf isotopic analyses for the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks in the Kaiyuan area are presented to explore the Late Paleozoic -Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution history of the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block. The detailed research indicates that the protolith of Jianshanzi metamorphic volcanic rocks includes rhyolite, dacite and andesite, they are calc-alkaline series and metaluminous-weak peraluminous rocks. According to the zircon U-Pb dating, the metamorphic rhyolite and metamorphic andesite formed in the Late Permian (256. 1 +/- 1. 5Ma, 252.4 +/- 1. 7Ma) and the Late Triassic (222. 4 +/- 1. 8Ma, 227. 9 +/- 1. 2Ma), respectively. They are characteristized by enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depletion of heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Metamorphic rhyolite has an obvious negative Eu anomaly with epsilon(Hf) ( t) values of 10. 83 + 8. 10 and the second -stage model are 698 similar to 1967Ma. They are mainly due to the partial melting of the juvenile basaltic lower crust and the contamination of a small amount of ancient crustal materials. Metamorphic andesite has no obvious Eu anomaly, and the epsilon(Hf)( t) value and the second -stage model are +4.54 similar to + 6. 79 and 825 similar to 968 Ma, which may be the product of partial melting of basic lower crust. There are two periods of magmatism in Jianshanzi volcanic rocks: Late Permian -Early Triassic (247 similar to 256Ma) and Late Triassic (similar to 225Ma). The material composition of the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks is characterized by different times and different tectonic backgrounds. It is comprehensively believed that the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block was in an active continental margin tectonic environment during the Permian, and the Palaeo-Asian Ocean subducted in both directions; Mantle -derived magma ascends and emplaces, forming a nascent crust and causing crustal thickening. The Paleo-Asian Ocean finally closed in the early Middle Triassic, and the impact of collisional orogeny may have continued until the early Late Triassic.     

西天山小于赞金矿成矿流体、成矿年代学特征及其地质意义

小于赞金矿床是产于新疆西天山也列莫顿盆地的浅成低温热液型金矿床,赋存于晚古生代大哈拉军山组火山岩中。矿石类型主要为蚀变岩型和石英脉型,主要发育硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、伊利石化、青磐岩化蚀变。流体成矿过程可分为3个阶段,分别为石英黄铁矿、石英玉髓黄铁矿和石英方解石黄铁矿阶段。小于赞金矿床流体包裹体类型单一,主要为水溶液包裹体,可分为纯液相水溶液包裹体(PL类)、富液相水溶液包裹体(L类)和富气相水溶液包裹体(V类)。石英黄铁矿阶段包裹体均一温度集中于130~190 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.2%~8.0%;石英玉髓黄铁矿阶段均一温度介于115~161 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.7%~3.4%;石英方解石黄铁矿阶段均一温度介于110~138 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.2%~3.4%。鉴于赋矿角砾凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(353.8±1.8) Ma,且被下石炭统阿恰勒河组不整合覆盖,故可将小于赞金矿床的成矿时代限定在(353.8±1.8) Ma至早石炭世维宪期。锆石εHf(t)变化范围为+4.1~+8.4,平均值+6.1,两阶段Hf模式年龄tDM2变化范围为822~1 095 Ma,指示该区岩浆演化过程中有少量地幔物质的加入。综合考量矿床地质特征、流体包裹体特征和成矿时代,认为小于赞矿床为早石炭世低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿。     

Fluid inclusion study of the Wunugetu Cu–Mo deposit,Inner Mongolia,China

Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization at the Wunugetu porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, China, include four stages, i.e., the early stage characterized by quartz, K-feldspar and minor mineralization, followed by a molybdenum mineralization stage associated with potassic alteration, copper mineralization associated with sericitization, and the last Pb–Zn mineralization stage associated with carbonation. Hydrothermal quartz contains three types of fluid inclusions, namely aqueous (W-type), daughter mineral-bearing (S-type) and CO₂-rich (C-type) inclusion, with the latter two types absent in the late stage. Fluid inclusions in the early stage display homogenization temperatures above 510°C, with salinities up to 75.8 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The presence of S-type inclusions containing anhydrite and hematite daughter minerals and C-type inclusions indicates an oxidizing, CO₂-bearing environment. Fluid inclusions in the Mo- and Cu-mineralization stages yield homogenization temperatures of 342–508°C and 241–336°C, and salinities of 8.6–49.4 and 6.3–35.7 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The presence of chalcopyrite instead of hematite and anhydrite daughter minerals in S-type inclusions indicates a decreasing of oxygen fugacity. In the late stage, fluid inclusions yield homogenization temperatures of 115–234°C and salinities lower than 12.4 wt.% NaCl equivalent. It is concluded that the early stage fluids were CO₂ bearing, magmatic in origin, and characterized by high temperature, high salinity, and high oxygen fugacity. Phase separation occurred during the Mo- and Cu-mineralization stages, resulting in CO₂ release, oxygen fugacity decrease and rapid precipitation of sulfides. The late-stage fluids were meteoric in origin and characterized by low temperature, low salinity, and CO₂ poor.     

内蒙古兴阿钼铜矿区侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄及 Hf同位素组成

兴阿钼铜矿床为大兴安岭北段最新发现的又一大型斑岩矿床.钼铜矿化与二长花岗斑岩密切相关,矿体主要产于斑岩体及其外接触带.从岩体向外依次发育钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩化等斑岩型蚀变分带.本文对矿区主要侵入岩开展了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,获得赋矿钾长花岗岩、成矿二长花岗斑岩和成矿后闪长玢岩脉的206 Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为131±1Ma、129±1Ma和124±1Ma,限定成矿作用发生于131 ～ 124Ma之间.获得三类侵入岩的锆石εHf(t)值分别为6.8 ～8.4、6.7 ～7.8和5.8 ～8.4,二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)分别为579 ～ 670Ma、616～680Ma和578～721 Ma,揭示矿区早白垩世侵入岩源自新元古代晚期增生地壳的部分熔融.据此,认为兴阿矿床形成于大陆碰撞过程的地壳缩短-加厚向伸展-减薄转换的构造体制,大陆碰撞由蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合引起,而这种后碰撞体制的地壳伸展-减薄作用又在早白垩世被由太平洋板块俯冲诱发的弧后伸展所叠加而加剧.