浅析宁波盆地膏盐地层的时代──兼对“宁波盆地北部的长河群”之时代质疑

宁波盆地地下揭示的一套包含暗色膏硝质泥岩、泥质白云岩在内的紫红、灰紫色泥岩、棕褐色砂砾岩、细砂岩和玻屑凝灰岩的地层，均称方岩组，内含膏盐并具油色显示。对其时代有早、晚白垩世和早第三纪之认识，笔者从70～90年代地质工作中所获化石分析认为，虽然宁波盆地这一层位含化石不丰，但从分布及数量上比较，相对占优势的应该是孢粉和植物化石，其时代意见也较为一致，指示为早白垩世。     

Some Problems with Slow Rotation of CP Stars

Some difficulties in explaining the slow rotation of CP stars are discussed. The most likely hypotheses are (1) a loss of angular momentum involving a magnetic field during “pre-main sequence” evolution and (2) the slow rotation existed from the very start of the creation of these stars. The braking hypothesis is supported by only one property of CP stars— the lower the mass of the star is, the greater the difference between its average rotation velocity vsini and that of normal stars. On the other hand, there is another property— the lower the rotation speeds of CP stars are, the greater their fraction among normal stars. The latter property supports the hypothesis that the lower the initial rotation speed of a star is when it is created, the greater the probability will become chemically peculiar. This property is inherent in chemically peculiar stars both with and without a magnetic field. It is proposed that the cause of the slow rotation of CP stars must be sought in the very earliest phases of their formation, as should the cause of the separation into chemically peculiar magnetic, chemically peculiar nonmagnetic, and normal stars.__________Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 229–245 (May 2005).     

Luminescence dating of sand–loess sequences and response of Mu Us and Otindag sand fields (north China) to climatic changes

The sand–loess transition zone in north China is sensitive to climate change, and is an ideal place to investigate past environmental changes. However, past climate change at millennial–centennial timescales in this region has not been well reconstructed because of limited numerical dating. Alternations of sandy loam soils with aeolian sand layers in the Mu Us and Otindag sand fields, which lie along the sand–loess transition zone, indicate multiple intervals of dune activity and stability. This change is probably a response to variations of the East Asian monsoon climate during the late Quaternary. The single aliquot regeneration (SAR) optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating protocol, which has been successfully applied to aeolian deposits worldwide, is applied to these two sand fields in this study. The OSL ages provide reliable constraints for reconstruction of past climate changes at suborbital timescale. Sections in both sand fields contain aeolian sand beds recording millennial‐scale episodes of dry climate and widespread dune activation, including episodes at about the same time as Heinrich Event 5 and the Younger Dryas in the North Atlantic region. These results demonstrate the potential of aeolian sediments in semi‐arid north China to record millennial‐scale climatic events, and also suggest that dry–wet climate variation at the desert margin in China may be linked to climatic change elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere, through atmospheric circulation. This article was published online on 27 November 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected (16 December 2008). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Loess deposition in Asia： its initiation and development before and during the Quaternary

Dust is important in the Earth environment system. However; the role of dust in climate change remains largely unknown. A better understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of the dust accumulation in Asia forms an important step towards establishing the link between dust deposition and climate change. Here, a summary is given for the timing of the onset and expansion of loess deposition in Asia beginning in the early, Miocene. Recent progress on some aspects of loess chronology and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction is also reviewed.     

Photoinduced toxicity single and binary mixtures of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum

Diatom Skeletonema costatum Cleve is one of the main predominant phytoplankton species in the Changjiang Estuary in China. In order to provide some basic information for future assessment of the potential risk on phytoplankton communities in this estuary caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), this alga was selected as a representative to investigate the photoinduced toxicity of PAHs, in single and mixture. Four PAHs including three-ring phenanthrene and anthracene, four-ring fluoranthene and pyrene were tested in the laboratory. The single toxicity of each PAH on this microalga was compared with and without the simulated solar UV radiation. The results showed that this microalga was sensitive to PAH's photoinduced toxicity. Ratios of the 72 h median effect concentration obtained for fluorescent and UV light tests were about 8.4 for phenanthrene, 13.0 for anthracene, 6.5 for fluoranthene, and 5.7 for pyrene, indicating that UV light enhanced the PAH toxicity to this alga significantly. Under the fluorescent radiation (lacking UV), the dose-response curves based on chemical concentrations revealed that the order of toxic strength was fluoranthene greater than pyrene greater than anthracene greater than phenanthrene; while under the UV radiation (476 μW/cm2 for UVA, 6.5 μW/cm2 for UVB) it became fluoranthene approximately equaling anthracene greater than pyrene greater than phenanthrene, indicating that the UV light also changed its relative toxicity to this alga. The photoinduced toxicity of PAHs to the marine diatom S. costatum might be a synergistic effect of photosensitization reactions (e.g., generation of single-state oxygen) and photomodification (photooxidation and/or photolysis).The combined effects of six binary mixtures on the marine diatom S. costatum were investigated using the additive-index method. Four binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus anthracene; phenanthrene plus pyrene; anthracene plus fluoranthene; anthracene plus pyrene) were found to be synergistic joint action mode, while two binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus fluoranthene; fluoranthene plus pyrene) displayed antagonist, revealing a complex pattern of possible interactions. The combined action mode of PAHs might be related to various factors such as the mixture compounds, mixture ratios and test conditions, etc.     

渤海湾海河口区浮游植物动态及其与有机污染的关系

近二十年来，随着海洋环境科学的发展，河口污染和生态问题日益受到重视。关于污水排放对河口内湾浮游植物生态的影响，近年Ketchum, B. H. (1967); McCormick, J.M. 等(1975); Rice, T. R. (1975); Jenkins, S. H. (1978); Thompson, G. B. 等(1981 ); Meyers, V. B. 等(1983)和Joint, I. R.(1984)都做过调查研究和评论。但迄今国内有关这方面的研究报道甚少。 海河口是一个有污染源的生态环境特殊的感潮河口，受自然因素和人类活动的影响很大。由于其地理位置得天独厚，水质肥沃，饵料丰富，历来是许多经济鱼虾类优良的天然产卵、索饵和肥育的场所，在渤海渔业上占有重要位置。但近十多年，由于入海径流量锐减和城市污水排海总量的增加1)，其水质逐渐恶化，环境正由半咸水向海洋化方向演变，对河口渔业构成严重威胁。对此，我所曾于1978-1981年对渤海湾的污染状况及影响进行过多学科的综合调查，在渤海湾污染的浮游植物生态效应、海湾富营养化及其与赤潮的关系等方面，也做过初步研究(邹景忠等，1983; 1984; 1985 )。当时由于受调查范围和项目的限制，对河口有机污染及生态效应的研究还很不够，所获得的一些资料尚不足以作出定量的科学论断。 本文着重探讨海河口区浮游植物的生态变化及其与有机污染的关系，旨在为综合分析和评价海河口区目前的生态质量及演变趋势，为河口环境的综合整治提供科学依据。     

Studies on Genus Cryptomonas from China seas

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｒｙｐｔｏｍｏｎａｓｉｓｕｎｉｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｂｉｆｌａｇｅｌｌａｔｅｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎｇｅｎｕｓｏｆＣｒｙｐｔｏｐｈｙｔａ .Ｔｈｅｃｅｌｌｓａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｌａｔｅｒａｌｌｙ .ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｏｎｅｏｒｔｗｏｌａｒｇｅＣｈｌｏｒｏｐｌａｓｔｓｔｈａｔｃｏｎｔａｉｎｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ ,ｃ ,ｓｏｍｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｃａｒｏｔｅｎｏｉｄｓａｎｄｐｈｙｃｏｂｉｌｉｎｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｓ (Ｈｕｅｔａｌ.,1 997;Ｗｅｉ…     

茶皂素对几种鱼类和对虾的毒性研究

本研究以茶皂素类作为“清池剂”,试图解决对虾养殖的基础和应用技术问题。试验结果表明:对虾对茶皂素和油茶皂素有较高的耐受力;茶皂素与油茶皂素均具鱼毒活性,油茶皂素则较强。鱼种不同,中毒反应也略有差异;两种茶皂素的鱼毒速度快,在致死浓度时16h内出现中毒死亡,毒性降解也快,浓度为5×10~(-6)时40h后不再引起鱼类中毒。     

网络环境下分级统计地图可视化方法的研究

从空间认知的角度分析和研究了分级统计地图可视化技术,并在网络环境下,实现了分级统计地图制图系统,让用户在一个交互的、可视化的制图环境中定制个性化地图,同时可以利用系统提供的可视化工具进行探索性的空间数据分析,发现统计数据内在的知识.     

高放废物处置库天然类比及其有关的地球化学问题

介绍了高放废物处置库天然类比研究的主要内容,重点阐述了类比研究中涉及的地球化学问题,包括核素溶解度和化学形态研究、核素迁移速率研究、核素迁移影响因素研究,并总结相关问题研究取得的成果和认识.