香溪河库湾春季水华期间浮游轮虫昼夜垂直分布及迁移的研究

为了了解香溪河库湾春季水华期间浮游轮虫的昼夜垂直分布和迁移情况及其影响因子,在春季甲藻（Peridiniopsis sp．）水华暴发期间,于2007年2月26日08：00至27日06：00对浮游轮虫的昼夜垂直分布进行调查研究。结果表明,轮虫虽在各个水层中均有分布,但是呈聚集分布形式。轮虫密度的垂直分布因种类和时间而异,优势种类广布多肢轮虫（Polyarthra vulgaris）、矩形龟甲轮虫（Keratella quadrata）和曲腿龟甲轮虫（Keratellavalga）白天都存在一定的垂直迁移运动,且都是先向下、再向上的迁移过程,夜晚则不存在垂直迁移现象,且聚集程度明显低于白天。光照强度的变化是轮虫垂直迁移运动的重要影响因子。由于溶解氧和叶绿素a的浓度都很高,二者对轮虫的昼夜垂直变化影响不显著。     

辽宁三台子水库下特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏特征

为确保水库下特厚煤层综放开采安全,合理留设防水安全煤岩柱,大平煤矿采用钻孔冲洗液耗失量法对覆岩破坏进行了观测研究。经对7个工作面测站12个覆岩破坏观测钻孔实测资料分析研究得出:煤层采出厚度7.54～15.17m,工作面推过36～40d,滞后工作面距离110～120m时覆岩破坏发育最充分。实测导水裂缝带高度为采高的15.31～19.97倍,明显大于类似软弱覆岩地层条件普通长壁全陷法开采覆岩破坏导水裂缝带发育高度。导水裂缝带上方,明显有集中发育的离层破碎带存在,实测离层破碎带高度为181.58～390.75m,是采高的24.22～36.00倍。     

Experimental study about the influence of cyclic load on the hydraulic conductivity of clay

The hydraulic conductivity k, one of the most important engineering properties of soft clay, plays a great role during the whole life cycle of underwater tunnel. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically study the responses of k to the dynamic load under the background of the great development of geotechnical engineering in the world. In this study, a series of seepage tests after cyclic loading were conducted on reconstituted kaolin clay using a modified hollow cylinder apparatus. The influence of cyclic load on the permeability characteristics of soft clay was illustrated in two aspects. The cumulative axial deformation of clay induced by cyclic loading resulted in the smaller hydraulic conductivity of the specimens, and also, the dynamic load reconstructed the microstructure of clay and made the number of large pores getting decreased and the small pores increased. There was a positive correlation between the deformation of soil and the change of hydraulic conductivity, but the reconstruction effect was irregular with the frequency of dynamic load. The measured k values got affected at the beginning, this phenomenon appropriately explains the positive correlation between the number of cycles of dynamic load and the change of hydraulic conductivity.