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Ch. Leinert U. Graser F. Przygodda L.B.F.M. Waters G. Perrin W. Jaffe B. Lopez E.J. Bakker A. Böhm O. Chesneau W.D. Cotton S. Damstra J. de Jong A.W. Glazenborg-Kluttig B. Grimm H. Hanenburg W. Laun R. Lenzen S. Ligori R.J. Mathar J. Meisner S. Morel W. Morr U. Neumann J.-W. Pel P. Schuller R.-R. Rohloff B. Stecklum C. Storz O. von der Lühe K. Wagner 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):73-83
After more than five years of preparation, the mid-infrared interferometric instrument MIDI has been transported to Paranal
where it will undergo testing and commissioning on theVery Large Telescope Interferometer VLTI from the end of 2002through
large part of this year 2003. Thereafter it will be available as a user instrument to perform interferometric observations
over the8 μm–13 μm wavelength range, with a spatial resolution of typically 20 milliarcsec, a spectral resolution of up to
250, and an anticipated point source sensitivity of N = 3–4 mag or 1–2.5 Jy for self –fringe tracking, which will be the only
observing mode during the first months of operation. We describe the layout of the instrument, laboratory tests, and expected
performance, both for broadband and spectrally resolved observing modes. We also briefly outline the planned guaranteed time
observations.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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K. G. Strassmeier K. Agabi L. Agnoletto A. Allan M. I. Andersen W. Ansorge F. Bortoletto R. Briguglio J.‐T. Buey S. Castellini V. Coud du Foresto L. Dam H. J. Deeg C. Eiroa G. Durand D. Fappani M. Frezzotti T. Granzer A. Grschke H. J. Krcher R. Lenzen A. Mancini C. Montanari A. Mora A. Pierre O. Pirnay F. Roncella F.‐X. Schmider I. Steele J. W. V. Storey N. F. H. Tothill T. Travouillon L. Vittuari M. Weber 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(6):451-474
This article reviews the situation for robotization of telescopes and instruments at the Antarctic station Concordia on Dome C. A brain‐storming meeting was held in Tenerife in March 2007 from which this review emerged.We describe and summarize the challenges for night‐time operations of various astronomical experiments at conditions “between Earth and Space” and conclude that robotization is likely a prerequisite for continuous astronomical data taking during the 2000‐hour night at Dome C. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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Using the mathematical formalism of the Brazilian Proposal to the IPCC, we analyse eight power technologies with regard to their past and potential future contributions to global warming. Taking into account detailed bottom-up technology characteristics we define the mitigation potential of each technology in terms of avoided temperature increase by comparing a “coal-only” reference scenario and an alternative low-carbon scenario. Future mitigation potentials are mainly determined by the magnitude of installed capacity and the temporal deployment profile. A general conclusion is that early technology deployment matters, at least within a period of 50–100?years. Our results conclusively show that avoided temperature increase is a better proxy for comparing technologies with regard to their impact on climate change, and that numerous short-term comparisons based on annual or even cumulative emissions may be misleading. Thus, our results support and extend the policy relevance of the Brazilian Proposal in the sense that not only comparisons between countries, but also comparisons between technologies could be undertaken on the basis of avoided temperature increase rather than on the basis of annual emissions as is practiced today. 相似文献
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John Barrett Glen Peters Thomas Wiedmann Kate Scott Manfred Lenzen Katy Roelich 《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):451-470
Global GHG emissions continue to rise, with nearly a quarter of it due to trade that is not currently captured within global climate policy. In the context of current trade patterns and limited global cooperation on climate change, the feasibility of consumption-based emissions accounting to contribute to a more comprehensive (national) policy framework in the UK is investigated. Consumption-based emissions results for the UK from a range of models are presented, their technical robustness is assessed, and their potential application in national climate policy is examined using examples of policies designed to reduce carbon leakage and to address high levels of consumption. It is shown that there is a need to include consumption-based emissions as a complementary indicator to the current approach of measuring territorial emissions. Methods are shown to be robust enough to measure progress on climate change and develop and inform mitigation policy. Finally, some suggestions are made for future policy-oriented research in the area of consumption-based accounting that will facilitate its application to policy. Policy relevance Emissions embodied in trade are rapidly increasing and there is thus a growing gap between production emissions and the emissions associated with consumption. This is a growing concern due to the absence of a global cap and significant variation in country-level mitigation ambitions. Robust measurements of consumption-based emissions are possible and provide new insights into policy options. This includes trade-related policy (e.g. border carbon adjustments) and domestic policies (e.g. resource efficiency strategies). As climate policy targets deepen, there is a need for a broad range of policy options in addition to production and technological solutions. Consumption-based emissions are complementary to production-based emissions inventories, which are still the most accurate estimate for aggregated emissions at the global level. However, without consumption-based approaches, territorial emissions alone will not provide a complete picture of progress in regional and national emissions reduction. 相似文献
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Huang Rui Malik Arunima Lenzen Manfred Jin Yutong Wang Yafei Faturay Futu Zhu Zhiyi 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):2227-2248
Natural Hazards - With the development of interregional trade, a potential disaster that happens in one place could cause enormous economic losses in distant areas. Timely and comprehensive... 相似文献
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Photometry and first results of extensive CCD-spectroscopy of the UX UMa system RW Sex are presented. The period is found to be P=0.24486 days and the semi-amplitude of the radial velocity is K1=101 km s–1. The mass of a Roche-lobe filling secondary is M2=(0.54±0.09) M0 and, for M1M2, the mass ratio is M1/M2=1.5±0.5. The accretion rate is about (2–3) 1017 g/s. The model for RW Sex by Greenstein and Oke is discussed and rejected.Paper presented at the IAU Colloquium No. 93 on Cataclysmic Variables. Recent Multi-Frequency Observations and Theoretical Developments, held at Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, F.R.G., 16–19 June, 1986. 相似文献
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Manfred Lenzen Roberto Schaeffer Jonas Karstensen Glen P. Peters 《Climatic change》2013,121(4):815-824
Brazil’s economic development has been underpinned by a diverse and – in a global comparison – unusual set of energy carriers, notably hydroelectricity and ethanol from sugar cane. Its energy mix makes Brazil one of the least energy-related carbon-intensive economies worldwide. Given that the country is fast becoming one of the world’s economic powerhouses, decision-makers need to understand the drivers underlying past and current carbon dioxide emissions trends. We therefore investigate a) which key long-term drivers have led to Brazil’s unique emissions profile, and b) the implications of these drivers for Brazil’s national policies. We show that Brazil’s emissions are growing mainly due to increasing individual standards of living, exports and population size, and that this growth is so far unchallenged by technological and structural improvements toward lower emissions intensities and more efficient production structures. As these trends are likely to continue amidst growing international pressure on key economies to reduce their carbon emissions, a decoupling of drivers from emissions is needed to simultaneously meet development and environmental goals. 相似文献
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