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1.
Managing sustainable farmed landscape through 'alternative' food networks: a case study from Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LEWIS HOLLOWAY ROSIE COX† LAURA VENN‡ MOYA KNEAFSEY‡ ELIZABETH DOWLER§ HELENA TUOMAINEN§ 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):219-229
This paper focuses on a case study of an 'alternative' food network based in the Abruzzo National Park, Italy, to explore how ideas of sustainable farmland management can be expressed through broader understandings of developing networks of care concerned with local economies and societies, high-quality specialist food products, particular 'traditional' farming practices and livestock breeds, as well as the ecology of a farmed landscape. The scheme allows customers, internationally as well as in Italy, to 'adopt' a milking sheep on a large mountain farm. In return, adopters are sent food products from the farm. The adoption scheme is inter-twined with an agri-tourism project which provides accommodation, runs a restaurant and engages in educational activities. The scheme is the result of the individual initiative of its founder, and is associated with a strongly expressed ethical position concerning the value of sustaining valued local rural landscapes and lifestyles, and the importance of 'reconnecting' urban dwellers with rural areas, farming and 'quality' food production. Yet the localness of the scheme is sustained through wider national and international networks: volunteer and paid workers are drawn from several European countries, funding has been acquired from the EU LEADER programme, and internet and transport technologies are essential in connecting with and supplying an international customer base. The broader economy of care instanced in this case study draws attention to a need to develop strategies for sustainable farmland management constructed around wider programmes of social, economic and cultural, as well as environmental, concern. 相似文献
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The mathematical base of the double porosity concept, consisting of the continuity and equilibrium equation respectively, is briefly reviewed. A quasi-steady-state transfer function, the so-called leakage term, is used. Important aspects of the developed code, based on the double porosity theory, are presented together with two hypothetical example problems. The resulting trend of the settlements are compared to those from previous work and was found to be significantly different. However, the implications are that the present study exhibits a more realistic prediction for the settlement. 相似文献
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Stratigraphy and Petrology of the Mulcahy Lake Layered Gabbro: An Archean Intrusion in the Wabigoon Subprovince, Ontario 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
MORRISON DONALD A.; MACZUGA DAVID F.; PHINNEY WILLIAM C.; ASHWAL LEWIS D. 《Journal of Petrology》1986,27(2):303-341
The Mulcahy Lake gabbro is an Archean layered intrusion of tholeiiticbulk composition located in the Wabigoon subprovince. The intrusionis 6 km thick at the thickest and is exposed over an area of63 km2. It intrudes basaltic to siliceous volcanics of the CrowLake-Savant Lake greenstone belt and is intruded by the Atikwabatholith. Zircon U-Pb data indicate crystallization at 27322+1·0/0·9m·y. Principal phases are plagioclase, orthopyroxene, augite (andpigeonite in iron-rich rocks), olivine, hornblende and magnetite.Olivine is confined to several horizons. Apatite and then zirconare prominent accessory phases at advanced stages of fractionation.Plagioclase, pyroxenes and olivine are cumulate phases. Hornblendeis invariably an intercumulus phase. Magnetite is ubiquitousthroughout the intrusion, generally as a cumulate phase, andforms centimeter thick layers in fractionated rocks. Fractionationfollowed a tholeiitic trend with iron enrichment in the liquid. The intrusion is divided into lower, mixed, middle, upper andmarginal zones. The lower and middle zones are 2·0 and2·5 km thick respectively. The upper zone is approximately1 km thick, and the marginal zone is measured in hundreds ofmeters. A 200 m thick mixed zone is interposed between the lowerand middle zones. The base of the lower zone consists of ultramaficunits containing olivine of Fo82. The top of the zone has olivineof Fo28. Fractionation of the lower zone, from the floor up,was interrupted by the introduction of pristine liquid whichmixed with more dense and cooler residual liquid in the chamberto form the mixed zone. Further introduction of several minorpulses of liquid constructed the lower part of the middle zone.The upper part of the middle zone was constructed from a majorpulse of liquid plus several minor pulses each of which is representedby reversals in cryptic layering. The upper zone consists ofultramafic to iron-rich gabbro cumulates formed by cooling throughthe roof plus horizons formed by influx of pristine liquid.Marginal zone rocks represent cooling through the walls of theintrusion. Rhythmic layering is well developed in lower and middle zonecumulates. Petrofabric data show that orthopyroxene has a lineationin the plane of layering and parallel to structures suggestiveof flow. Plagioclase laths also have a preferred orientationin many cumulates and in unlayered gabbros as well. Flow, possiblylaminar, of liquid-crystal material is suggested and may belinked to the ultimate development of layering. Pressure during the course of crystallization probably was greaterthan 2 and less than 5 kb. Temperatures estimated from pyroxenesvaried from approximately 1200 to 1000 °C.fo2, is not wellconstrained but was sufficient to allow the formation of thinlocal magnetite cumulates late in the crystallization. The primarymelt was hydrous as indicated by the presence of hornblende.It is very unlikely that the melt was saturated with water duringcrystallization of the cumulate phases. 相似文献
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Catastrophic flooding of parts of the frontal plains of the Pakistan Himalayas has occured throughout the historical past. The largest recorded flood (1841) originated from an earthquaketriggered landslip from the flanks of Nanga Parbat, which blocked the Indus river for six months. The earthquake probably occurred on the Liachar thrust, which has been responsible for uplifting the amphibolite facies Nanga Parbat gneisses to the Earth's surface in the last 10 million years. These movements raise serious problems for hydroelectric engineering project in this and other active mountain belts. 相似文献
7.
Regional dynamics in the globalising wine industry: the case of Marlborough, New Zealand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The rapid expansion of the New Zealand wine industry has rested largely on a specific wine commodity form, Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc. Global demand for a specialised product has provided the impetus for substantial development at the regional level, an increasingly complex industry structure, and for the intrusion of international capital. This paper explores the contests and relations within the industry through attention to the commodity's value-added chain, wherein recent developments are interpreted as a contest over the brand rents. The contemporary situation therefore may be explained through overlapping organisational and geographic framings of these relations: producer versus buyer-driven dynamics; regional–national and global interests; and inter- and intra-corporate strategies. The commercial contest for control of the region-varietal commodity reveals some paradoxical outcomes in which the region is reaffirmed as a site of investment in an evidently globalised industry, and the significance of who controls what fraction of the value chain is re-asserted. 相似文献
8.
Sheet slides and rotational failures on a convergent margin: the Kidnappers Slide, New Zealand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Kidnappers Slide, on the upper continental slope of the convergent margin off eastern North Island, New Zealand, has been re-examined using a grid of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles. The slide is not a single feature but a complex of sheet slides and rotational failures ranging from 20 to 140 m thick, and covering a total area of 720 km2. Failures occurred in several phases, on slopes of 1–5°, in late Quaternary, muddy, shelf-edge clinoforms that have prograded into an accretionary, trench-slope basin. Piston cores and seismic stratigraphy show that the main failure probably occurred in early Holocene times but that movements ranged from mid last glacial to late Holocene times. The sheet slides exhibit tensional collapse via numerous listric normal faults that sole out on glide planes; there is no clear evidence of compressional structures anywhere within the complex. The glide planes occur at progressively deeper stratigraphic levels towards the northeastern end of the complex, and near the steep slope that defines the seaward edge of the trench-slope basin. There is retrogressive failure at the top of the slope. The surficial slides are being deformed by growth of active tectonic faults and folds associated with the convergent plate margin. This type of slope failure may be partially related to metastable sandy layers within the last glacial age progradational sequence, and possibly to formation of bubble phase gas at shallow depths. Failure was probably triggered by earthquake loading of sediments in this highly seismic region. 相似文献
9.
JASON M. DORTCH LEWIS A. OWEN MARC W. CAFFEE PHIL BREASE 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2010,39(2):233-246
Dortch, J. M., Owen, L. A., Caffee, M. W. & Brease, P. 2009: Late Quaternary glaciation and equilibrium line altitude variations of the McKinley River region, central Alaska Range. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00121.x. ISSN 0300‐9483 Glacial deposits and landforms produced by the Muldrow and Peters glaciers in the McKinley River region of Alaska were examined using geomorphic and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) surface exposure dating (SED) methods to assess the timing and nature of late Quaternary glaciation and moraine stabilization. In addition to the oldest glacial deposits (McLeod Creek Drift), a group of four late Pleistocene moraines (MP‐I, II, III and IV) and three late Holocene till deposits (‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’ drifts) are present in the region, representing at least eight glacial advances. The 10Be TCN ages for the MP‐I moraine ranged from 2.5 kyr to 146 kyr, which highlights the problems of defining the ages of late Quaternary moraines using SED methods in central Alaska. The Muldrow ‘X’ drift has a 10Be TCN age of ~0.54 kyr, which is ~1.3 kyr younger than the independent minimum lichen age of ~1.8 kyr. This age difference probably represents the minimum time between formation and early stabilization of the moraine. Contemporary and former equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) were determined. The ELA depressions for the Muldrow glacial system were 560, 400, 350 and 190 m and for the Peters glacial system 560, 360, 150 and 10 m, based on MP‐I through MP‐IV moraines, respectively. The difference between ELA depressions for the Muldrow and Peters glaciers likely reflects differences in supraglacial debris‐cover, glacier hypsometry and topographic controls on glacier mass balance. 相似文献
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ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS OF CHINESE ROCK STANDARDS GSR 1–6: A COMPARISON WITH THE CERTIFICATE VALUES
N.W. BOWER C.M. LEWIS J.M. GALBRAITH G. LUEDEMANN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1993,17(1):117-121
Data are presented for the six new Chinese rock standards, GSR 1 through 6. These samples include a granite, an andesite, a basalt, a sandstone, a shale, and a limestone, providing a wide range of sample types of geochemical interest. The certificate values were tested using XRF and ITNA for the major and trace elements and colorimetry, coulometry, and thermogravimetry for the ferrous iron and the volatile constitutents. Excellent agreement was obtained for the 50 elements measured, implying these standards have been well characterized generally and should be of immediate use to geochemists. 相似文献